Frontmatter

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Preface

The TOGAF® standard is an open, industry consensus framework for Enterprise Architecture.

It is a foundational framework, which means that it is applicable to the development of any kind of architecture in any context. This foundational framework is supplemented by The Open Group TOGAF Library,¹ an extensive and growing portfolio of guidance material, providing practical guidance in the application of the TOGAF framework in specific contexts.

The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 is an update to the TOGAF 9.1 standard to provide additional guidance, correct errors, address some structural challenges, and remove obsolete content. All of these changes will make the TOGAF framework easier to use and maintain.²

The TOGAF Documentation

The TOGAF documentation consists of a set of documents:

• The TOGAF standard (this document) which describes the generally applicable approach to Enterprise and IT Architecture
• The TOGAF Library, a portfolio of guidance material to support the practical application of the TOGAF approach

This Document

There are six parts to this document:

PART I

(Introduction) This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of Enterprise Architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout the TOGAF documentation.

PART II

(Architecture Development Method) This part is the core of the TOGAF framework. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) - a step-by-step approach to developing an Enterprise Architecture.

PART III

(ADM Guidelines & Techniques) This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying the TOGAF approach and the TOGAF ADM.

PART IV

(Architecture Content Framework) This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable Architecture Building Blocks (ABBs), and an overview of typical architecture deliverables.

PART V

(Enterprise Continuum & Tools) This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise.

PART VI

(Architecture Capability Framework) This part discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture function within an enterprise.

Intended Audience

The TOGAF standard is intended for Enterprise Architects, Business Architects, IT Architects, Data Architects, Systems Architects, Solution Architects, and anyone responsible for the architecture function within an organization.

Keywords

architecture, architecture framework, architecture development method, architect, architecting, enterprise architecture, enterprise architecture framework, enterprise architecture method, method, methods, open, group, technical reference model, standards, standards information base

About The Open Group

The Open Group

The Open Group is a global consortium that enables the achievement of business objectives through technology standards. Our diverse membership of more than 580 organizations includes customers, systems and solutions suppliers, tools vendors, integrators, academics, and consultants across multiple industries.

The Open Group aims to:

• Capture, understand, and address current and emerging requirements, establish policies, and share best practices
• Facilitate interoperability, develop consensus, and evolve and integrate specifications and open source technologies
• Operate the industry's premier certification service

Further information on The Open Group is available at www.opengroup.org.

The Open Group publishes a wide range of technical documentation, most of which is focused on development of Open Group Standards and Guides, but which also includes white papers, technical studies, certification and testing documentation, and business titles.

Full details and a catalog are available at www.opengroup.org/library.

Trademarks

ArchiMate®, DirecNet®, Making Standards Work®, OpenPegasus®, Platform 3.0®, The Open Group®, TOGAF®, UNIX®, UNIXWARE®, X/Open®, and the Open Brand X® logo are registered trademarks and Boundaryless Information Flow^™, Build with Integrity Buy with Confidence^™, Dependability Through Assuredness^™, EMMM^™, FACE^™, the FACE^™ logo, IT4IT^™, the IT4IT^™ logo, O-DEF^™, O-PAS^™, Open FAIR^™, Open Platform 3.0^™, Open Process Automation^™, Open Trusted Technology Provider^™, SOSA^™, the Open O^™ logo, and The Open Group Certification logo (Open O and check^™) are trademarks of The Open Group.

CMMI®, IPD-CMM®, P-CMM®, SA-CMM®, SCAMPI®, SE-CMM®, and SW-CMM® are registered trademarks of the Software Engineering Institute (SEI), Carnegie Mellon University.

COBIT® is a registered trademark of the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) and the IT Governance Institute.

Energistics® is a registered trademark of Energistics in the United States.

FICO® is a registered trademark of Fair Isaac Corporation in the United States and other countries.

IEEE® is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

ITIL®, MSP®, PRINCE®, and PRINCE2® are registered trademarks of AXELOS Limited.

Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

MDA®, Model-Driven Architecture®, Object Management Group®, OMG®, SysML®, and UML® are registered trademarks and BMM^™, BPMN^™, Business Motivation Model^™, Business Process Modeling Notation^™, ITPMF^™, IT Portfolio Management Facility^™, SPEM^™, Systems Modeling Language^™, and Unified Modeling Language^™ are trademarks of the Object Management Group.

Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary® is a registered trademark of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.

OASIS® is a registered trademark of OASIS, the open standards consortium.

PMBOK® is a registered trademark of the Project Management Institute, Inc. which is registered in the United States and other nations.

The Open Group acknowledges that there may be other company names and products that might be covered by trademark protection and advises the reader to verify them independently.

Participants

This document was prepared by The Open Group Architecture Forum. When The Open Group approved the TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 on March 5, 2018, the Architecture Forum officers were as follows:
 
Mike Lambert, Fellow of The Open Group, Chair
Robert Weisman, Build The Vision, Vice-Chair
Sonia Gonzalez, The Open Group, Architecture and ArchiMate Forum Director

Architecture Forum Technical Reviewers

Technical reviewers are those individuals who have submitted comments during the company review, or participated in an issue resolution meeting during the development of the TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2:

Rob Akershoek, DXC Technology Emmanuel Amamoo-Otchere, Huawei Technologies, Co. Ltd. Michael Anniss, M.J. Anniss Ltd. Graham Berrisford, Avancier Terence Blevins, Fellow of The Open Group Bill Estrem, Metaplexity Associates Inc. Abdallah Fateen, Microsoft Michael Fulton, Nationwide Sonia Garnica, Intelligent Training de Colombia Mats Gejnevall, Innovate Kirk Hansen, Metaplexity Associates Inc. Laura Hart, The MITRE Corporation Judith Jones, ATE Enterprises

Andrew Josey, The Open Group Rolf Knoll, NovaTec Consulting GmbH J. Bryan Lail, Raytheon Mike Lambert, Fellow of The Open Group Neil Levette, TRM Technologies Inc. Kenneth Lind, XLENT IT Consulting Stephen Marshall, IBM Chalon Mullins, Business Architecture Guild Alain Picard, Benchmark Consulting Sriram Sabesan, Conexiam Satish Shettar, IBM Robert Weisman, Build The Vision Paul Williams, Capgemini

Architecture Forum Members

An up-to-date list of Forum members can be found at: www.opengroup.org/architecture.

Acknowledgements

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges The Open Group Architecture Forum for developing the TOGAF standard.

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the US Air Force for its Headquarters Air Force Principles.

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges those past and present members of the Architecture Forum who have served as its officers (Chairs and Vice-Chairs) since its inception. In alphabetical order:

Mick Adams Christer Askerfjord Terence Blevins Bill Estrem Hugh Fisher Chris Forde Chris Greenslade Ed Harrington Peter Haviland Dave Hornford David Jackson Mike Lambert

Stuart Macgregor Ian McCall Tara Paider Barry Smith Walter Stahlecker Sheena Thompson Paul van der Merwe Dave Van Gelder Jane Varnus Vish Viswanathan Robert Weisman Hal Wilson

Referenced Documents

The following documents are referenced in the TOGAF standard:

• A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®) Guide), Project Management Institute; refer to www.pmi.org/pmbok-guide-standards
• A Method for Identifying Process Re-Use Opportunities to Enhance the Operating Model, M. de Vries, A. van der Merwe, P. Kotze, A. Gerber, in proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)
• Analysis Patterns - Reusable Object Models, M. Fowler, ISBN: 0-201-89542-0, Addison-Wesley
• ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000: Systems and Software Engineering - Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software-intensive Systems
• A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Christopher Alexander, ISBN: 0-19-501919-9, Oxford University Press, 1979
• Business Capabilities, an Open Group Guide, March 2016 (G161), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/g161
• Business Motivation Model^™ (BMM^™), Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.omg.org/spec/BMM/About-BMM
• Business Transformation Enablement Program (BTEP), Canadian Government; refer to www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/btep-pto/index_e.asp
• Business Process Modeling Notation^™ (BPMN^™) Specification, Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.bpmn.org
• Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT®), Version 4.0, IT Governance Institute, 2005
• Corporate Governance, Ranami Naidoo, ISBN: 1-919-903-0086, Double Storey, 2002
• Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides, ISBN: 0-201-63361-2, Addison-Wesley, October 1994
• Enterprise Architecture as Strategy, Jeanne Ross, Peter Weill, David C. Robertson, ISBN: 1-59139-839-8, Harvard Business School Press, 2006
• Enterprise Architecture Capability Maturity Model (ACMM), Version 1.2, United States Department of Commerce, December 2007
• Enterprise Architecture Maturity Model, Version 1.3, National Association of State CIOs (NASCIO), December 2003
• Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP): Developing a Blueprint for Data, Applications, and Technology, Steven H. Spewak, Steven C. Hill, ISBN: 0-47-159985-9, John Wiley & Sons, 1993
• Exploring Synergies between TOGAF® and Frameworx, White Paper, May 2011 (W114), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/w114
• Headquarters Air Force Principles for Information Management, US Air Force, June 29, 1998
• Integrating Risk and Security within a TOGAF® Enterprise Architecture, an Open Group Guide, January 2016 (G152), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/g152
• Integrating the TOGAF® Standard with the BIAN Service Landscape, White Paper, October 2013 (W135), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/w135
• ISO/IEC 20000:2011, Information Technology - Service Management
• ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, Systems and Software Engineering - System Life Cycle Processes
• ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011, Systems and Software Engineering - Architecture Description
• IT Portfolio Management Facility^™ (ITPMF^™) Specification, Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.omg.org/spec/ITPMF
• Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, English Language, 11th Edition, April 2008, ISBN-10: 0877798095, ISBN-13: 978-0877798095; refer to www.merriam-webster.com
• Model-Driven Architecture® (MDA®) Specification, Object Management (OMG); refer to www.omg.org/mda
• OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, December 2001; refer to www.oecd.org
• Organigraphs: Drawing How Companies Really Work, H. Mintzberg and L. Van der Heyden, Harvard Business Review, October 1999; refer to https://hbr.org/1999/09/organigraphs-drawing-how-companies-really-work
• Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns, F. Buschmann, R. Meunier, H. Rohnert, P. Sommerlad, M. Stal, ISBN: 0-471-95869-7, John Wiley & Sons, 1996
• Patterns and Software: Essential Concepts and Terminology, Brad Appleton, 2000; refer to www.bradapp.com/docs/patterns-intro.html
• Re-usable Asset Specification (RAS), Version 2.2, Object Management Group (OMG), November 2005; refer to www.omg.org/spec/RAS
• Service Component Architecture (SCA) Specification, developed by the Open Service Oriented Architecture (OSOA) collaboration; refer to www.oasis-opencsa.org/sca
• Service Data Objects (SDO) Specification, developed by the Open Service Oriented Architecture (OSOA) collaboration; refer to www.oasis-opencsa.org/sdo
• Software Processing Engineering Metamodel (SPEM^™) Specification, Version 2.0, Object Management Group (OMG), April 2008; refer to www.omg.org/spec/SPEM
• Systems Modeling Language^™ (SysML®), Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.sysml.org
• The Art of Systems Architecting, Eberhardt Rechtin, Mark W. Maier, 2000
• The Open Group IT4IT^™ Reference Architecture, Version 2.1, an Open Group Standard, January 2017 (C171), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/c171
• The Oregon Experiment, Christopher Alexander, ISBN: 0-19-501824-9, Oxford University Press, 1975
• The Timeless Way of Building, Christopher Alexander, ISBN: 0-19-502402-8, Oxford University Press, 1979
• TOGAF® 9 and DoDAF 2.0, White Paper, July 2010 (W105), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/w105
• TOGAF® and SABSA® Integration, White Paper, October 2011 (W117), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/w117
• TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Scenarios, September 2017 (G176), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/g176
• TOGAF® Series Guide: The TOGAF Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM): An Architected Approach to Boundaryless Information Flow^™, November 2017 (G179), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/g179
• TOGAF® Series Guide: The TOGAF Technical Reference Model (TRM), September 2017 (G175), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/g175
• TOGAF® Series Guide: Using the TOGAF® Framework to Define and Govern Service-Oriented Architectures, September 2017 (G174), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/g174
• TOGAF® Series Guide: Value Streams, October 2017 (G178), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/library/g178
• UML Profile and Metamodel for Services (UPMS) RFP (OMG soa/2006-09-09), Object Management Group (OMG), June 2007
• Unified Modeling Language^™ (UML®) Specification, Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.uml.org

The following websites provide useful reference material:

• The Cloud Computing Design Patterns community website (refer to www.cloudpatterns.org)
• The Information Technology Governance Institute: www.isaca.org/About-ISACA/IT-Governance-Institute

  This website has many resources that can help with corporate assessment of both IT and governance in general.

• The Patterns Home Page: hillside.net/patterns

  This website is hosted by The Hillside Group and provides information about patterns, links to online patterns, papers, and books dealing with patterns, and patterns-related mailing lists.

• The Patterns-Discussion FAQ: g.oswego.edu/dl/pd-FAQ/pd-FAQ.html

  This website is maintained by Doug Lea and provides a thorough and highly readable FAQ about patterns.

• The SOA Patterns community website (refer to www.soapatterns.org/), dedicated to the ongoing development and expansion of the SOA design pattern catalog
• The Volere website has a useful list of leading requirements tools www.volere.co.uk/tools.htm

Footnotes

1.

The TOGAF Library ( https://publications.opengroup.org/togaf-library) provides a publicly available structured list of Guides and White Papers which provide guidance in the practical application of the TOGAF approach.

2.

A full comparison of this version with the TOGAF Version 9.1 standard may be found in The Open Group White Paper: An Introduction to the TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2 ( www.opengroup.org/library/w182).

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