Frontmatter

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Preface

The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) - Version 9, Enterprise Edition - is an open, industry consensus framework and method for enterprise architecture.

This Document

There are seven main parts to the TOGAF document:

PART I

(Introduction) This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout TOGAF and release notes detailing the changes between this version and the previous version of TOGAF.

PART II

(Architecture Development Method) This is the core of TOGAF. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) - a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture.

PART III

(ADM Guidelines & Techniques) This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM.

PART IV

(Architecture Content Framework) This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables.

PART V

(Enterprise Continuum & Tools) This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise.

PART VI

(TOGAF Reference Models) This part provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM).

PART VII

(Architecture Capability Framework) This part discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture function within an enterprise.

Intended Audience

TOGAF is intended for enterprise architects, business architects, IT architects, data architects, systems architects, solutions architects, and anyone responsible for the architecture function within an organization.

Keywords

architecture, architecture framework, architecture development method, architect, architecting, enterprise architecture, enterprise architecture framework, enterprise architecture method, method, methods, open, group, technical reference model, standards, standards information base

About The Open Group

The Open Group

The Open Group is a vendor-neutral and technology-neutral consortium, whose vision of Boundaryless Information Flow^TM will enable access to integrated information within and between enterprises based on open standards and global interoperability. The Open Group works with customers, suppliers, consortia, and other standards bodies. Its role is to capture, understand, and address current and emerging requirements, establish policies, and share best practices; to facilitate interoperability, develop consensus, and evolve and integrate specifications and Open Source technologies; to offer a comprehensive set of services to enhance the operational efficiency of consortia; and to operate the industry's premier certification service, including UNIX® certification.

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As with all live documents, Technical Standards and Specifications require revision to align with new developments and associated international standards. To distinguish between revised specifications which are fully backwards-compatible and those which are not:

• A new Version indicates there is no change to the definitive information contained in the previous publication of that title, but additions/extensions are included. As such, it replaces the previous publication.
• A new Issue indicates there is substantive change to the definitive information contained in the previous publication of that title, and there may also be additions/extensions. As such, both previous and new documents are maintained as current publications.

Readers should note that Corrigenda may apply to any publication. Corrigenda information is published at www.opengroup.org/corrigenda.

Participants

This document was prepared by The Open Group Architecture Forum. When The Open Group approved this document on October 23, 2008, the membership of the Architecture Forum was as follows:
Chris Forde, American Express, Chair
Jane Varnus, Bank of Montreal, Vice-Chair
Len Fehskens, The Open Group, Forum Director
Andrew Josey, The Open Group, Director of Standards
Garry Doherty, The Open Group, TOGAF Product Manager
Cathy Fox, The Open Group, Technical Editor

Architecture Forum Technical Reviewers

Technical reviewers are those individuals who have submitted comments during the company review, or participated in a face-to-face issue resolution meeting.

Architecture Forum Members

The following organizations were members of the Architecture Forum at the time of approval.

Trademarks

COBIT® is a registered trademark of the Information Systems Audit and Control Association and the IT Governance Institute.

CORBA®, MDA®, Model Driven Architecture®, Object Management®, OMG®, and UML® are registered trademarks and BPMN^TM, Business Process Modeling Notation^TM, and Unified Modeling Language^TM are trademarks of the Object Management Group.

Energistics^TM is a trademark of Energistics.

FICO® is a registered trademark of Fair Isaac Corporation.

IBM® and WebSphere® are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation.

IEEE® is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

ITIL® is a registered trademark of the Office of Government Commerce in the United Kingdom and other countries.

Java® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Microsoft® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

OAGIS® is a registered trademark of the Open Applications Group, Inc.

OpenGL® is a registered trademark of SGI.

PRINCE® is a registered trademark and PRINCE2^TM is a trademark of the Office of Government Commerce in the United Kingdom and other countries.

SAP® is a registered trademark of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries.

TOGAF^TM and Boundaryless Information Flow^TM are trademarks and UNIX® and The Open Group® are registered trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.

The following are registered trademarks of the Software Engineering Institute (SEI):

• CMMI® (Capability Maturity Model Integration)
• IPD-CMM® (Integrated Product Development Capability Maturity Model)
• P-CMM® (People Capability Maturity Model)
• SA-CMM® (Software Acquisition Capability Maturity Model)
• SCAMPI® (Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement)
• SE-CMM® (Systems Engineering Capability Maturity Model)
• SW-CMM® (Capability Maturity Model for Software)

The Open Group acknowledges that there may be other company names and products that might be covered by trademark protection and advises the reader to verify them independently.

Acknowledgements

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges The Open Group Architecture Forum for developing The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF).

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges those past and present members of the Architecture Forum who have served as its officers (Chairs and Vice-Chairs) since its inception. In alphabetical order:
Christer Askerfjord, Sweden Post
Terence Blevins, The MITRE Corporation
Bill Estrem, Metaplexity Associates
Hugh Fisher, UK National Health Service
Chris Forde, American Express
Chris Greenslade, CLARS
Ed Harrington, Model Driven Solutions
David Jackson, Armstrong Process Group
Stuart Macgregor, Real IRM Solutions
Ian McCall, IBM Corporation
Barry Smith, The MITRE Corporation
Walter Stahlecker, Hewlett-Packard Company
Dave Van Gelder, Capgemini
Jane Varnus, Bank of Montreal
Vish Viswanathan, CC&C Solutions
Hal Wilson, Litton PRC

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the following member organizations who have contributed materials in the development of this document:
Architecting-the-Enterprise
Capgemini
CGI
Metaplexity Associates
Real IRM Solutions
SAP

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the following individuals who have contributed to the development of this document:
Mick Adams, Capgemini
Christopher Blake, Architecting-the-Enterprise
Stuart Crawford, Capgemini
Bill Estrem, Metaplexity Associates
Judith Jones, Architecting-the-Enterprise
Andrew Macaulay, Capgemini
Mike Turner, Capgemini
Paul van der Merwe, Real IRM
Robert Weisman, Build the Vision

Referenced Documents

The following documents are referenced in the TOGAF specification:

• Analysis Patterns - Reusable Object Models, M. Fowler, ISBN: 0-201-89542-0, Addison-Wesley.
• A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Christopher Alexander, ISBN: 0-19-501919-9, Oxford University Press, 1979.
• Books of Knowledge - Project Management and System Engineering, Project Management Institute (refer to www.pmi.org) and the International Council of Systems Engineers (refer to http://g2sebok.incose.org).
• Business Transformation Enablement Program (BTEP), Canadian Government; refer to www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/btep-pto/index_e.asp.
• Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) Specification, Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.bpmn.org.
• Business Executive's Guide to IT Architecture White Paper, October 2004 (W043), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/w043.htm.
• Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.corba.org.
• Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT), Version 4.0, IT Governance Institute, 2005.
• Corporate Governance, Ranami Naidoo, ISBN: 1-919-903-0086, Double Storey, 2002.
• Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, & John Vlissides, ISBN: 0-201-63361-2, Addison-Wesley, October 1994.
• Enterprise Architecture as Strategy, Jeanne Ross, Peter Weill, & David C. Robertson, ISBN: 1-59139-839-8, Harvard Business School Press, 2006.
• Enterprise Architecture Capability Maturity Model (ACMM), Version 1.2, United States Department of Commerce, December 2007.
• Enterprise Architecture Maturity Model, Version 1.3, National Association of State CIOs (NASCIO), December 2003.
• Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP): Developing a Blueprint for Data, Applications, and Technology, Steven H. Spewak & Steven C. Hill, ISBN: 0-47-159985-9, John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
• Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF), Version 1.1, US Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) Council, September 1999; refer to www.cio.gov/documents/fedarch1.pdf.
• Headquarters Air Force Principles for Information Management, US Air Force, June 29, 1998.
• IEEE Std 1003.0-1995, Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE), identical to ISO/IEC TR 14252 (administratively withdrawn by IEEE).
• IEEE Std 1003.23-1998, Guide for Developing User Organization Open System Environment (OSE) Profiles (administratively withdrawn by IEEE).
• Implementing Enterprise Architecture - Putting Quality Information in the Hands of Oil and Gas Knowledge Workers (SPE 68794), G.A. Cox, R.M. Johnston, SPE, & R. M. Palermo, Aera Energy LLC, Copyright 2001, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc.
• Interoperable Enterprise Business Scenario Business Scenario, October 2002 (K022), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/k022.htm.
• ISO 10303, Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Product Data Representation and Exchange.
• ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998, Information Technology - Open Distributed Processing - Reference Model: Overview.
• ISO/IEC 10746-4:1998, Information Technology - Open Distributed Processing - Reference Model: Architectural Semantics.
• ISO/IEC TR 14252:1996, Information Technology - Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE) (identical to IEEE Std 1003.0).
• ISO/IEC 17799:2005, Information Technology - Security Techniques - Code of Practice for Information Security Management.
• ISO/IEC 20000:2005, Information Technology - Service Management.
• ISO/IEC 42010:2007, Systems and Software Engineering - Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software-Intensive Systems, Edition 1 (technically identical to ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000).
• IT Portfolio Management Facility (ITPMF) Specification, Object Management Group (OMG).
• Mapping of TOGAF 8.1 with COBIT 4.0 by the IT Governance Institute (ITGI) White Paper, July 2007 (W072), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/w072.htm.
• Model Driven Architecture (MDA) Specification, Object Management (OMG); refer to www.omg.org/mda.
• OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, December 2001; refer to www.oecd.org.
• Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns, F. Buschmann, R. Meunier, H. Rohnert, P. Sommerlad, & M. Stal, ISBN: 0-471-95869-7, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
• Patterns and Software: Essential Concepts and Terminology, Brad Appleton; refer to www.enteract.com/˜bradapp/docs/patterns-intro.html.
• Practical Guide to Federal Enterprise Architecture, Version 1.0, US Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) Council, February 2001; a cooperative venture with the General Accounting Office (GAO) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
• REA: A Semantic Model for Internet Supply Chain Collaboration, Robert Haugen and William E. McCarthy, January 2000; refer to www.jeffsutherland.org/oopsla2000/mccarthy/mccarthy.htm.
• Resource-Event-Agent (REA) Business Model, William E. McCarthy; refer to www.msu.edu/user/mccarth4.
• Service Component Architecture (SCA) Specification, Version 1.0, published by OSOA, March 2007.
• Service Data Objects (SDO) for C Specification, Version 2.1, published by OSOA, September 2007.
• Service Data Objects (SDO) for C++ Specification, Version 2.1, published by OSOA, December 2006.
• Service Data Objects (SDO) for COBOL Specification, Version 2.1, published by OSOA, September 2007.
• Service Data Objects (SDO) for Java Specification, Version 2.1, published by OSOA, November 2006.
• Software Processing Engineering Metamodel (SPEM) Specification, Version 2.0, Object Management Group (OMG), April 2008; refer to www.omg.org/spec/SPEM/2.0.
• STandard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP); also ISO 10303, Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Product Data Representation and Exchange.
• The Art of Systems Architecting, Eberhardt Rechtin & Mark W. Maier.
• The Command and Control System Target Architecture (C2STA), Electronic Systems Center (ESC), US Air Force, 2000.
• The Oregon Experiment, Christopher Alexander, ISBN: 0-19-501824-9, Oxford University Press, 1975.
• The Timeless Way of Building, Christopher Alexander, ISBN: 0-19-502402-8, Oxford University Press, 1979.
• UML Profile and Metamodel for Services (UPMS) RFP (OMG soa/2006-09-09), Object Management Group (OMG), June 2007.
• Unified Modeling Language (UML) Specification, Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.uml.org.
• US Treasury Architecture Development Guidance (TADG), formerly known as the Treasury Information System Architecture Framework (TISAF).
• Volere Requirements Specification Template; refer to www.volere.co.uk/template.htm.

The following web sites provide useful reference material:

• IBM Patterns for e-business: www.ibm.com/framework/patterns
• IBM Patterns for e-business Resources (also known as the "Red Books"): www.ibm.com/developerworks/patterns/library
• The Information Technology Governance Institute: www.itgi.org

  This web site has many resources that can help with corporate assessment of both IT and governance in general.

• The Patterns Home Page: hillside.net/patterns

  This web site is hosted by The Hillside Group and provides information about patterns, links to online patterns, papers, and books dealing with patterns, and patterns-related mailing lists.

• The Patterns-Discussion FAQ: g.oswego.edu/dl/pd-FAQ/pd-FAQ.html

  This web site is maintained by Doug Lea and provides a thorough and highly readable FAQ about patterns.

The TOGAF document set is designed for use with frames. To navigate around the document:

• In the main Contents frame in the left margin of the page, click the relevant hyperlink to load the Contents List for that Part of the TOGAF document or go direct to a chapter within the document.
  
• Within a chapter you can select Previous and Next at the top and bottom of the page to move to the previous or next chapter, or select Home to return to the welcome page.
  

Downloads of the TOGAF documentation, are available under license from the TOGAF information web site. The license is free to any organization wishing to use TOGAF entirely for internal purposes (for example, to develop an information system architecture for use within that organization). A book is also available (in hardcopy and pdf) from The Open Group Bookstore as document G091.