Frontmatter

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Preface

TOGAF Version 9.1, Enterprise Edition, is an open, industry consensus framework for enterprise architecture.

This Document

There are seven parts to the TOGAF document:

PART I

(Introduction) This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout TOGAF and release notes detailing the changes between this version and the previous version of TOGAF.

PART II

(Architecture Development Method) This is the core of TOGAF. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) - a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture.

PART III

(ADM Guidelines & Techniques) This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM.

PART IV

(Architecture Content Framework) This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables.

PART V

(Enterprise Continuum & Tools) This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise.

PART VI

(TOGAF Reference Models) This part provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM).

PART VII

(Architecture Capability Framework) This part discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture function within an enterprise.

Intended Audience

TOGAF is intended for enterprise architects, business architects, IT architects, data architects, systems architects, solutions architects, and anyone responsible for the architecture function within an organization.

Keywords

architecture, architecture framework, architecture development method, architect, architecting, enterprise architecture, enterprise architecture framework, enterprise architecture method, method, methods, open, group, technical reference model, standards, standards information base

About The Open Group

Participants

This document was prepared by The Open Group Architecture Forum and incorporates TOGAF 9 and TOGAF 9 Technical Corrigendum No. 1. When The Open Group approved TOGAF 9 Technical Corrigendum No. 1 on July 21st, 2011, the membership of the Architecture Forum was as follows:

Dave Hornford, Conexiam, Chair
Tara Paider, Nationwide, Vice-Chair
Chris Forde, The Open Group, Forum Director
Andrew Josey, The Open Group, Director of Standards
Garry Doherty, The Open Group, TOGAF Product Manager
Cathy Fox, The Open Group, Technical Editor

Architecture Forum Technical Reviewers

Technical reviewers are those individuals who have submitted comments during the company review, or participated in a face-to-face issue resolution meeting during the development of TOGAF 9 Technical Corrigendum No. 1.

Andrew Josey Arnold van Overeem Bill Adams Bill Estrem Bob Weisman Chris Armstrong Chris Forde Chris Greenslade Paul Homan Dave Hornford

Dave van Gelder Garry Doherty Jack Fujieda Jane Varnus Jason Broome Judith Jones Jörgen Dahlberg Ken Street Kevin Sevigny Kirk Hansen

Larry Bergen Maggie Huang Mike Lambert Mike Turner Paul van der Merwe Peter Kaufmann Richard Hewardo Roger Griessen Roland Fabri Sarina Viljoen

Tara Paider Tejpal S. Virdi Thomas Obitz Timo Karvinen Tim O'Neill Stephen Bennett Harry Hendrickx Steve Else Ed Harrington Heather Kreger

Architecture Forum Members

The following organizations were members of the Architecture Forum at the time of approval.
1Plug, USA
act! consulting GmbH, Germany
alfabet AG, Germany
ARISMORE, France
AT&T ITAS, USA
Aalto University, School of Science & Technology, Finland
Abu Dhabi Retirement Pensions & Benefits Fund, UAE
Acando AS, Norway
Accelare, USA
Accenture, USA
Ahead Technology Inc., Canada
Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty, Germany
Altertech, Saudi Arabia
American Express, USA
Anywhere, Czech Republic
Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan
Apollo Group, USA
Applied Technology Solutions Inc., USA
ArchiXL, Netherlands
Architecting the Enterprise, UK
Armscor, South Africa
Armstrong Process Group Inc., USA
Aspire Technology, China
AstraZeneca, UK
Athr IT Consulting, Saudi Arabia
Austin Energy, USA
AutoTrader.com, USA
Avolution, Australia
BIZZdesign Holding, Netherlands
BNP PARIBAS, France
BP Oil International Ltd., UK
BSI SA, Switzerland
Bank of America, USA
Bank of Montreal, Canada
Biner Consulting, Sweden
Bizcon, Denmark
Boston University, USA
British Telecom Plc, UK
Build The Vision Inc., Canada
Business Connexion, South Africa
CA Inc., Canada
CC and C Solutions, Australia
CEISAR, France
CGI Group Inc., Canada
CLARS Ltd., UK
CPP Investment Board, Canada
CS Interactive Training, South Africa
CSC, USA
Capgemini, Netherlands
Capita IT Services, UK
Casewise Systems Ltd., USA
CeRTAE ULaval, Canada
Celestial Consulting Ltd., UK
Centre for Open Systems, Australia
Chem China, China
Chengdu GKHB Computer Systems, China
Cisco Systems Inc., USA
Cognizant CTS, India
Colorado Technical University, USA
Conexiam, Canada
DMTF, USA
DNV CIBIT, Netherlands
DUX DILIGENS, Mexico
DWP Programme & Systems Delivery Group, UK
Deccan Global Solutions LLC, USA
Deloitte Consulting LLP, USA
Department of Information Management, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan
Detecon International GmbH, Germany
Detica, UK
Devoteam Consulting, Denmark
EA Global Ltd., UK
EA Principals Inc., USA
EADynamicsUK Ltd., UK
EASD-CIOB (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat), Canada
ETNIC, Belgium
Edutech Enterprises, Singapore
Eli Lilly & Company Ltd., USA
Elparazim, USA
Energistics, USA
Energy Consulting/Corporate IT Solutions, Russian Federation
Enterprise Architects Pty Ltd., Australia
Enterprise Architects, UK
Enterprise Architecture Consulting, UK
Enterprise Architecture Solutions Ltd., UK
Eskom, South Africa
Estrat TI SA DE CV, Mexico
FEAC Institute, USA
Faculty Training Institute, South Africa
Firstrand Bank Ltd., South Africa
Forefront Consulting Group AB, Sweden
France Telecom, France
Fraunhofer SIT, Germany
Fujitsu Services, UK
Getronics, Netherlands
Gijima, South Africa
Global Info Tech Co. Ltd., China
Gnosis IT Knowledge Solutions, Brazil
Grant MacEwan College, Canada
Hebei Wangxun Digital Technology Ltd., China
Hewlett-Packard, USA
Hotel Technology Next Generation, USA
IBM, USA
iCMG Private Ltd., India
Infosys Ltd., India
Infovide SA, Poland
ING Group, Netherlands
INVITALIA, Italy
IRM AB, Sweden
IRM UK, UK
ISES, Netherlands
ISNordic A/S, Denmark
Itera-IT Institute Iberoamerica, Mexico
ITM Beratungsgesellschaft mbH, Germany
ITpreneurs, Netherlands
JISC ,UK
Jodayn Consulting, Saudi Arabia
JourneyOne, Australia
Kamehameha Schools, USA
Kirk Hansen Consulting, Canada
Knotion Consulting, South Africa
KU-INOVA, Thailand
Kyoto University, Japan
Lawrence Technological University, USA
LoQutus, Belgium
Mainline Information Systems Inc, USA
Maptech, UAE
Marathon Oil Corporation, USA
Marriott International, USA
Mega International, France
Meraka Institutue, South Africa
Metaplexity Associates, USA
MetLife, USA
MIC Business Solutions Inc, USA
Microsoft Corporation, USA
Mizuho Information & Research Institute Inc, Japan
Molimax Consulting Ltd., UK
NAF, Netherlands Architecture Forum, Netherlands
NASA SEWP, USA
National IT and Telecom Agency, IT-Architecture Division, Denmark
National Policing Improvement Agency, UK
National University of Singapore, Institute of Systems Science, Singapore
Nationwide, USA
Nedbank, South Africa
NEHTA, Australia
NEOXIA, Morocco
NGN Technologies, India
NII Holdings Inc., USA
Nedbank, South Africa
Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corporation, Japan
Nomura Research Institute Ltd., Japan
Norwegian University of Science & Technology, Norway
OFFIS, Germany
OMG, USA
Online Business Systems, Canada
Open GIS Consortium Inc., USA
Open Text Inc., Canada
Oracle Corporation, USA
Orbus Software, UK
Ovations, South Africa
Oxford Brookes University, UK
PATH ITTS, Brazil
Penn State (College of IST), USA
plenum Management Consulting, Germany
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, South Africa
Procter & Gamble Company, USA
Promis, Switzerland
Proya Profesyonel Yazilim Cozumleri ve Danismanlik Ltd., Turkey
QA Ltd., UK
QR Systems Inc., Canada
Qernel nv, Belgium
QualiWare ApS, Denmark
Raytheon, USA
ReGIS Inc., Japan
Real IRM Solutions (Pty) Ltd., South Africa
Redd Consulting, UK
Reply Ltd., UK
Resultex Ltd., New Zealand
Rio Tinto, UK
Rococo Co Ltd., Japan
Roehampton University, UK
Rolls-Royce plc, USA
Royal Philips Electronics, Netherlands
SAP, Germany
SARS, South Africa
SIF Association, USA
SIM University, Singapore
SIOS Technology Inc., Japan
SKLSE (Wuhan University), China
SMME, Belgium
SNA Technologies Inc., USA
SYRACOM Consulting AG, Germany
Senacor Technologies AG, Germany
Shenzhen Kingdee Middleware, China
Shift Technologies LLC, UAE
Sidra Medical & Research Center, Qatar
Sinapse, Canada
Sirius Computer Solutions, USA
Skills Funding, UK
Smart421 Ltd., UK
Software AG, Germany
Sogeti SAS, Netherlands
Soluta.Net srl, Italy
Solvera Solutions, Canada
South African Reserve Bank, South Africa
Sparx Systems, Australia
State Information Technology Agency (Pty) Ltd., South Africa
Steria Ltd., UK
Swiss Federal Administration, Switzerland
Systems Flow Inc., USA
T-Systems, South Africa
TONEX, USA
TRM Technologies Inc., Canada
TSYS, USA
Tata Consultancy Services, India
Teamcall Ltd., Belgium
Technology & HR Consultancy Ltd., UK
TeleManagement Forum, UK
Telkom SA Ltd., South Africa
The Boeing Company, USA
The Capital Group Companies Inc., USA
The MITRE Corporation, USA
The Marlo Group, Australia
The Salamander Organization Ltd., UK
The Unit bv, Netherlands
Tieto EA Consulting, Finland
Tieturi OY, Finland
triVector (Pty) Ltd., South Africa
Troux Technologies, USA
Turkcell, Turkey
UDEF-IT, USA
US DoD-CIO (Office of the CIO), USA
Unilever Group plc, UK
University of Colorado at Boulder, USA
University of Denver, USA
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
University of Nordland Norway
University of Pretoria, South Africa
University of South Africa, South Africa
University of Washington, USA
Vale Brazil, Brazil
Van Haren Publishing, Netherlands
Web Age Solutions Inc., Canada
Wells Fargo Bank, USA
Wipro Technologies, India
World Vision International, USA
Xantus Consulting, UK

Trademarks

Boundaryless Information Flow^TM is a trademark and ArchiMate®, Jericho Forum®, Making Standards Work®, Motif®, OSF/1®, The Open Group®, TOGAF®, UNIX®, and the "X" device are registered trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other countries.

COBIT® is a registered trademark of the Information Systems Audit and Control Association and the IT Governance Institute.

CORBA®, MDA®, Model Driven Architecture®, Object Management®, OMG®, and UML® are registered trademarks and BPMN^TM, Business Process Modeling Notation^TM, and Unified Modeling Language^TM are trademarks of the Object Management Group.

Energistics^TM is a trademark of Energistics.

FICO® is a registered trademark of Fair Isaac Corporation.

IBM® and WebSphere® are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation.

IEEE® is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

ITIL® is a registered trademark of the Office of Government Commerce in the United Kingdom and other countries.

Java® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary® is a trademark of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.

Microsoft® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

OAGIS® is a registered trademark of the Open Applications Group, Inc.

OpenGL® is a registered trademark of SGI.

PRINCE® is a registered trademark and PRINCE2^TM is a trademark of the Office of Government Commerce in the United Kingdom and other countries.

SAP® is a registered trademark of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries.

The following are registered trademarks of the Software Engineering Institute (SEI):

• CMMI® (Capability Maturity Model Integration)
• IPD-CMM® (Integrated Product Development Capability Maturity Model)
• P-CMM® (People Capability Maturity Model)
• SA-CMM® (Software Acquisition Capability Maturity Model)
• SCAMPI® (Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement)
• SE-CMM® (Systems Engineering Capability Maturity Model)
• SW-CMM® (Capability Maturity Model for Software)

The Open Group acknowledges that there may be other company names and products that might be covered by trademark protection and advises the reader to verify them independently.

Acknowledgements

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges The Open Group Architecture Forum for developing TOGAF.

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the US Air Force for its Headquarters Air Force Principles.

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges those past and present members of the Architecture Forum who have served as its officers (Chairs and Vice-Chairs) since its inception. In alphabetical order:

Mick Adams Christer Askerfjord Terence Blevins Bill Estrem Hugh Fisher Chris Forde Chris Greenslade Ed Harrington Dave Hornford David Jackson

Stuart Macgregor Ian McCall Tara Paider Barry Smith Walter Stahlecker Paul van der Merwe Dave Van Gelder Jane Varnus Vish Viswanathan Hal Wilson

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the following individuals who have made contributions in the development of this and earlier versions of TOGAF 9:

Mick Adams Christopher Blake Stuart Crawford Bill Estrem Kirk Hansen Dave Hornford

Judith Jones Mike Lambert Andrew Macaulay Mike Turner Paul van der Merwe Robert Weisman

The Open Group gratefully acknowledges the following organizations that have made contributions in the development of this and earlier versions of TOGAF 9:

American Express Architecting-the-Enterprise Bank of Montreal Capgemini CGI Group

Conexiam Metaplexity Associates Nationwide Real IRM Solutions SAP

Referenced Documents

The following documents are referenced in the TOGAF specification:

• Analysis Patterns - Reusable Object Models, M. Fowler, ISBN: 0-201-89542-0, Addison-Wesley.
• A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Christopher Alexander, ISBN: 0-19-501919-9, Oxford University Press, 1979.
• Books of Knowledge - Project Management and System Engineering, Project Management Institute (refer to www.pmi.org) and the International Council of Systems Engineers (refer to http://g2sebok.incose.org).
• Business Transformation Enablement Program (BTEP), Canadian Government; refer to www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/btep-pto/index_e.asp.
• Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) Specification, Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.bpmn.org.
• Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.corba.org.
• Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT), Version 4.0, IT Governance Institute, 2005.
• Corporate Governance, Ranami Naidoo, ISBN: 1-919-903-0086, Double Storey, 2002.
• Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, & John Vlissides, ISBN: 0-201-63361-2, Addison-Wesley, October 1994.
• Enterprise Architecture as Strategy, Jeanne Ross, Peter Weill, & David C. Robertson, ISBN: 1-59139-839-8, Harvard Business School Press, 2006.
• Enterprise Architecture Capability Maturity Model (ACMM), Version 1.2, United States Department of Commerce, December 2007.
• Enterprise Architecture Maturity Model, Version 1.3, National Association of State CIOs (NASCIO), December 2003.
• Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP): Developing a Blueprint for Data, Applications, and Technology, Steven H. Spewak & Steven C. Hill, ISBN: 0-47-159985-9, John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
• Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF), Version 1.1, US Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) Council, September 1999; refer to www.cio.gov/documents/fedarch1.pdf.
• Headquarters Air Force Principles for Information Management, US Air Force, June 29, 1998.
• IEEE Std 1003.0-1995, Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE), identical to ISO/IEC TR 14252 (administratively withdrawn by IEEE).
• IEEE Std 1003.23-1998, Guide for Developing User Organization Open System Environment (OSE) Profiles (administratively withdrawn by IEEE).
• Implementing Enterprise Architecture - Putting Quality Information in the Hands of Oil and Gas Knowledge Workers (SPE 68794), G.A. Cox, R.M. Johnston, SPE, & R. M. Palermo, Aera Energy LLC, Copyright 2001, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc.
• Interoperable Enterprise Business Scenario Business Scenario, October 2002 (K022), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/k022.htm.
• ISO 10303, Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Product Data Representation and Exchange.
• ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998, Information Technology - Open Distributed Processing - Reference Model: Overview.
• ISO/IEC 10746-4:1998, Information Technology - Open Distributed Processing - Reference Model: Architectural Semantics.
• ISO/IEC TR 14252:1996, Information Technology - Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE) (identical to IEEE Std 1003.0).
• ISO/IEC 17799:2005, Information Technology - Security Techniques - Code of Practice for Information Security Management.
• ISO/IEC 20000:2005, Information Technology - Service Management.
• ISO/IEC 42010:2007, Systems and Software Engineering - Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of Software-Intensive Systems, Edition 1 (technically identical to ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000).
• IT Portfolio Management Facility (ITPMF) Specification, Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.omg.org/spec/ITPMF.
• Mapping of TOGAF 8.1 with COBIT 4.0 by the IT Governance Institute (ITGI) White Paper, July 2007 (W072), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/w072.htm.
• Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, English Language, 11th Edition, April 2008, ISBN-10: 0877798095, ISBN-13: 978-0877798095; refer to www.merriam-webster.com.
• Model Driven Architecture (MDA) Specification, Object Management (OMG); refer to www.omg.org/mda.
• OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, December 2001; refer to www.oecd.org.
• Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns, F. Buschmann, R. Meunier, H. Rohnert, P. Sommerlad, & M. Stal, ISBN: 0-471-95869-7, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
• Patterns and Software: Essential Concepts and Terminology, Brad Appleton; refer to www.bradapp.com/docs/patterns-intro.html.
• Practical Guide to Federal Enterprise Architecture, Version 1.0, US Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) Council, February 2001; a cooperative venture with the General Accounting Office (GAO) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
• REA: A Semantic Model for Internet Supply Chain Collaboration, Robert Haugen and William E. McCarthy, January 2000; refer to www.jeffsutherland.org/oopsla2000/mccarthy/mccarthy.htm.
• Resource-Event-Agent (REA) Business Model, William E. McCarthy; refer to www.msu.edu/user/mccarth4.
• Re-usable Asset Specification (RAS), Version 2.2, Object Management Group (OMG), November 2005; refer to www.omg.org/spec/RAS.
• Service Component Architecture (SCA) Specification, Version 1.0, published by OSOA, March 2007.
• Service Data Objects (SDO) for C Specification, Version 2.1, published by OSOA, September 2007.
• Service Data Objects (SDO) for C++ Specification, Version 2.1, published by OSOA, December 2006.
• Service Data Objects (SDO) for COBOL Specification, Version 2.1, published by OSOA, September 2007.
• Service Data Objects (SDO) for Java Specification, Version 2.1, published by OSOA, November 2006.
• Software Processing Engineering Metamodel (SPEM) Specification, Version 2.0, Object Management Group (OMG), April 2008; refer to www.omg.org/spec/SPEM/2.0.
• STandard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP); also ISO 10303, Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Product Data Representation and Exchange.
• The Art of Systems Architecting, Eberhardt Rechtin & Mark W. Maier.
• The Command and Control System Target Architecture (C2STA), Electronic Systems Center (ESC), US Air Force, 2000.
• The Open Group SOA Source Book, Version 2, Guide, April 2010 (G102), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/g102.htm.
• The Open Group Service Integration Maturity Model (OSIMM), Technical Standard, August 2009 (C092), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/c092.htm.
• The Open Group SOA Governance Framework, Technical Standard, August 2009 (C093), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/c093.htm.
• The Open Group SOA Ontology, Technical Standard, October 2010 (C104), published by The Open Group; refer to www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/c104.htm.
• The Oregon Experiment, Christopher Alexander, ISBN: 0-19-501824-9, Oxford University Press, 1975.
• The Timeless Way of Building, Christopher Alexander, ISBN: 0-19-502402-8, Oxford University Press, 1979.
• UML Profile and Metamodel for Services (UPMS) RFP (OMG soa/2006-09-09), Object Management Group (OMG), June 2007.
• Unified Modeling Language (UML) Specification, Object Management Group (OMG); refer to www.uml.org.
• US Treasury Architecture Development Guidance (TADG), formerly known as the Treasury Information System Architecture Framework (TISAF).

The following web sites provide useful reference material:

• IBM Patterns for e-business: www.ibm.com/framework/patterns
• IBM Patterns for e-business Resources (also known as the "Red Books"): www.ibm.com/developerworks/patterns/library
• The Information Technology Governance Institute: www.itgi.org

  This web site has many resources that can help with corporate assessment of both IT and governance in general.

• The Patterns Home Page: hillside.net/patterns

  This web site is hosted by The Hillside Group and provides information about patterns, links to online patterns, papers, and books dealing with patterns, and patterns-related mailing lists.

• The Patterns-Discussion FAQ: g.oswego.edu/dl/pd-FAQ/pd-FAQ.html

  This web site is maintained by Doug Lea and provides a thorough and highly readable FAQ about patterns.

• The Volere web site has a useful list of leading requirements tools: www.volere.co.uk/tools.htm.

The TOGAF document set is designed for use with frames. To navigate around the document:

• In the main Contents frame in the left margin of the page, click the relevant hyperlink to load the Contents List for that Part of the TOGAF document or go direct to a chapter within the document.
  
• Within a chapter you can select Previous and Next at the top and bottom of the page to move to the previous or next chapter, or select Home to return to the welcome page.
  

Downloads of TOGAF®, an Open Group Standard, are available under license from the TOGAF information web site. The license is free to any organization wishing to use the TOGAF standard entirely for internal purposes (for example, to develop an information system architecture for use within that organization). A book is also available (in hardcopy and pdf) from The Open Group Bookstore as document G116.