This chapter describes the Information Systems Architectures for an architecture project, including the development of Data and Application Architectures.

9.1 Objectives

The objectives of Phase C are to:

• Develop the Target Information Systems (Data and Application) Architecture, describing how the enterprise's Information Systems Architecture will enable the Business Architecture and the Architecture Vision, in a way that addresses the Request for Architecture Work and stakeholder concerns
• Identify candidate Architecture Roadmap components based upon gaps between the Baseline and Target Information Systems (Data and Application) Architectures

9.2 Approach

Phase C involves some combination of Data and Application Architecture, in either order. Advocates exist for both sequences. For example, Steven Spewak's Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) recommends a data-driven approach.

On the other hand, major applications systems - such as those for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), etc. - often provide a combination of technology infrastructure and business application logic, and some organizations take an application-driven approach, whereby they recognize certain key applications as forming the core underpinning of the mission-critical business processes, and take the implementation and integration of those core applications as the primary focus of architecture effort (the integration issues often constituting a major challenge).

9.3 Inputs

This section defines the inputs to Phase C.

9.3.1 Reference Materials External to the Enterprise

• Architecture reference materials (see Part IV, 36.2.5 Architecture Repository)

9.3.2 Non-Architectural Inputs

• Request for Architecture Work (see Part IV, 36.2.17 Request for Architecture Work)
• Capability Assessment (see Part IV, 36.2.10 Capability Assessment)
• Communications Plan (see Part IV, 36.2.12 Communications Plan)

9.3.3 Architectural Inputs

• Organizational Model for Enterprise Architecture (see Part IV, 36.2.16 Organizational Model for Enterprise Architecture), including:
  • Scope of organizations impacted
  • Maturity assessment, gaps, and resolution approach
  • Roles and responsibilities for architecture team(s)
  • Constraints on architecture work
  • Budget requirements
  • Governance and support strategy
• Tailored Architecture Framework (see Part IV, 36.2.21 Tailored Architecture Framework), including:
  • Tailored architecture method
  • Tailored architecture content (deliverables and artifacts)
  • Configured and deployed tools
• Application principles (see Part III, 23.6.3 Application Principles), if existing
• Data principles (see Part III, 23.6.2 Data Principles), if existing
• Statement of Architecture Work (see Part IV, 36.2.20 Statement of Architecture Work)
• Architecture Vision (see Part IV, 36.2.8 Architecture Vision)
• Architecture Repository (see Part IV, 36.2.5 Architecture Repository), including:
  • Re-usable building blocks
  • Organization-specific reference models
  • Organization standards
• Draft Architecture Definition Document (see Part IV, 36.2.3 Architecture Definition Document), including:
  • Baseline Business Architecture, Version 1.0 (detailed), if appropriate
  • Target Business Architecture, Version 1.0 (detailed)
  • Baseline Data Architecture, Version 0.1
  • Target Data Architecture, Version 0.1
  • Baseline Application Architecture, Version 0.1
  • Target Application Architecture, Version 0.1
• Draft Architecture Requirements Specification (see Part IV, 36.2.6 Architecture Requirements Specification), including:
  • Gap analysis results (from Business Architecture)
  • Relevant technical requirements that will apply to Phase C
• Business Architecture components of an Architecture Roadmap (see Part IV, 36.2.7 Architecture Roadmap)

9.4 Steps

Detailed steps for Phase C are given separately for each architecture domain:

• 10. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - Data Architecture
• 11. Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - Application Architecture

9.5 Outputs

The main outputs of Phase C are:

• Refined and updated versions of the Architecture Vision phase deliverables, where applicable, including:
  • Statement of Architecture Work (see Part IV, 36.2.20 Statement of Architecture Work), updated if necessary
• Draft Architecture Definition Document (see Part IV, 36.2.3 Architecture Definition Document), including:
  • Baseline Data Architecture, Version 1.0
  • Target Data Architecture, Version 1.0
  • Baseline Application Architecture, Version 1.0
  • Target Application Architecture, Version 1.0
  • Data Architecture views corresponding to the selected viewpoints addressing key stakeholder concerns
  • Application Architecture views corresponding to the selected viewpoints addressing key stakeholder concerns
• Draft Architecture Requirements Specification (see Part IV, 36.2.6 Architecture Requirements Specification), including such Information Systems Architecture requirements as:
  • Gap analysis results
  • Relevant technical requirements that will apply to this evolution of the architecture development cycle
  • Constraints on the Technology Architecture about to be designed
  • Updated business requirements, if appropriate
• Information systems components of an Architecture Roadmap (see Part IV, 36.2.7 Architecture Roadmap)

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