NAME

sendto - send a message on a socket

SYNOPSIS

#include <sys/socket.h>

ssize_t sendto(int socket, const void *message, size_t length, int flags,
      const struct sockaddr *dest_addr, socklen_t dest_len);

DESCRIPTION

The sendto() function sends a message through a connection-mode or connectionless-mode socket. If the socket is connectionless-mode, the message will be sent to the address specified by dest_addr. If the socket is connection-mode, dest_addr is ignored.

The function takes the following arguments:

socket

Specifies the socket file descriptor.

message

Points to a buffer containing the message to be sent.

length

Specifies the size of the message in bytes.

flags

Specifies the type of message transmission. Values of this argument are formed by logically OR'ing zero or more of the following flags:

MSG_EOR

Terminates a record (if supported by the protocol)

MSG_OOB

Sends out-of-band data on sockets that support out-of-band data. The significance and semantics of out-of-band data are protocol-specific.

dest_addr

Points to a sockaddr structure containing the destination address. The length and format of the address depend on the address family of the socket.

dest_len

Specifies the length of the sockaddr structure pointed to by the dest_addr argument.

If the socket protocol supports broadcast and the specified address is a broadcast address for the socket protocol, sendto() will fail if the SO_BROADCAST option is not set for the socket.

The dest_addr argument specifies the address of the target. The length argument specifies the length of the message.

Successful completion of a call to sendto() does not guarantee delivery of the message. A return value of -1 indicates only locally-detected errors.

If space is not available at the sending socket to hold the message to be transmitted and the socket file descriptor does not have O_NONBLOCK set, sendto() blocks until space is available. If space is not available at the sending socket to hold the message to be transmitted and the socket file descriptor does have O_NONBLOCK set, sendto() will fail.

The socket in use may require the process to have appropriate privileges to use the sendto() function.

RETURN VALUE

Upon successful completion, sendto() returns the number of bytes sent. Otherwise, -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS

The sendto() function will fail if:

[EAFNOSUPPORT]

Addresses in the specified address family cannot be used with this socket.

[EAGAIN] or [EWOULDBLOCK]

The socket's file descriptor is marked O_NONBLOCK and the requested operation would block.

[EBADF]

The socket argument is not a valid file descriptor.

[ECONNRESET]

A connection was forcibly closed by a peer.

[EFAULT]

The message or destaddr parameter can not be accessed.

[EINTR]

A signal interrupted sendto() before any data was transmitted.

[EMSGSIZE]

The message is too large to be sent all at once, as the socket requires.

[ENOTCONN]

The socket is connection-mode but is not connected.

[ENOTSOCK]

The socket argument does not refer to a socket.

[EOPNOTSUPP]

The socket argument is associated with a socket that does not support one or more of the values set in flags.

[EPIPE]

The socket is shut down for writing, or the socket is connection-mode and is no longer connected. In the latter case, and if the socket is of type SOCK_STREAM, the SIGPIPE signal is generated to the calling process.

If the address family of the socket is AF_UNIX, then sendto() will fail if:

[EIO]

An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.

[ELOOP]

Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname in the socket address.

[ENAMETOOLONG]

A component of a pathname exceeded {NAME_MAX} characters, or an entire pathname exceeded {PATH_MAX} characters.

[ENOENT]

A component of the pathname does not name an existing file or the pathname is an empty string.

[ENOTDIR]

A component of the path prefix of the pathname in the socket address is not a directory.

The sendto() function may fail if:

[EACCES]

Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix; or write access to the named socket is denied.

[EDESTADDRREQ]

The socket is not connection-mode and does not have its peer address set, and no destination address was specified.

[EHOSTUNREACH]

The destination host cannot be reached (probably because the host is down or a remote router cannot reach it).

[EINVAL]

The dest_len argument is not a valid length for the address family.

[EIO]

An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.

[EISCONN]

A destination address was specified and the socket is already connected. This error may or may not be returned for connection mode sockets.

[ENETDOWN]

The local interface used to reach the destination is down.

[ENETUNREACH]

No route to the network is present.

[ENOBUFS]

Insufficient resources were available in the system to perform the operation.

[ENOMEM]

Insufficient memory was available to fulfill the request.

[ENOSR]

There were insufficient STREAMS resources available for the operation to complete.

If the address family of the socket is AF_UNIX, then sendto() may fail if:

[ENAMETOOLONG]

Pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced an intermediate result whose length exceeds {PATH_MAX}.

APPLICATION USAGE

The select() and poll() functions can be used to determine when it is possible to send more data.

SEE ALSO

getsockopt(), poll(), recv(), recvfrom(), recvmsg(), select(), send(), sendmsg(), setsockopt(), shutdown(), socket(), <sys/socket.h>.

CHANGE HISTORY

First released in Issue 4.