time.h - time types
#include <time.h>
[CX] Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the ISO C standard. Applications shall define the appropriate feature test macro (see the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment) to enable the visibility of these symbols in this header.The <time.h> header shall declare the structure tm, which shall include at least the following members:
int tm_sec Seconds [0,60]. int tm_min Minutes [0,59]. int tm_hour Hour [0,23]. int tm_mday Day of month [1,31]. int tm_mon Month of year [0,11]. int tm_year Years since 1900. int tm_wday Day of week [0,6] (Sunday =0). int tm_yday Day of year [0,365]. int tm_isdst Daylight Savings flag.The value of tm_isdst shall be positive if Daylight Savings Time is in effect, 0 if Daylight Savings Time is not in effect, and negative if the information is not available.
The <time.h> header shall define the following symbolic names:
- NULL
- Null pointer constant.
- CLOCKS_PER_SEC
- A number used to convert the value returned by the clock() function into seconds.
- CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
- [TMR|CPT]
The identifier of the CPU-time clock associated with the process making a clock() or timer*() function call.- CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID
- [TMR|TCT]
The identifier of the CPU-time clock associated with the thread making a clock() or timer*() function call.[TMR] The <time.h> header shall declare the structure timespec, which has at least the following members:
time_t tv_sec Seconds. long tv_nsec Nanoseconds.The <time.h> header shall also declare the itimerspec structure, which has at least the following members:
struct timespec it_interval Timer period. struct timespec it_value Timer expiration.The following manifest constants shall be defined:
- CLOCK_REALTIME
- The identifier of the system-wide realtime clock.
- TIMER_ABSTIME
- Flag indicating time is absolute. For functions taking timer objects, this refers to the clock associated with the timer.
- CLOCK_MONOTONIC
- [MON]
The identifier for the system-wide monotonic clock, which is defined as a clock whose value cannot be set via clock_settime() and which cannot have backward clock jumps. The maximum possible clock jump shall be implementation-defined.The clock_t, size_t, time_t, [TMR] clockid_t, and timer_t types shall be defined as described in <sys/types.h> .
[XSI] Although the value of CLOCKS_PER_SEC is required to be 1 million on all XSI-conformant systems, it may be variable on other systems, and it should not be assumed that CLOCKS_PER_SEC is a compile-time constant.
[XSI] The <time.h> header shall provide a declaration for getdate_err.
The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.
char *asctime(const struct tm *); [TSF] char *asctime_r(const struct tm *restrict, char *restrict); clock_t clock(void); [CPT] int clock_getcpuclockid(pid_t, clockid_t *); [TMR] int clock_getres(clockid_t, struct timespec *); int clock_gettime(clockid_t, struct timespec *); [CS] int clock_nanosleep(clockid_t, int, const struct timespec *, struct timespec *); [TMR] int clock_settime(clockid_t, const struct timespec *); char *ctime(const time_t *); [TSF] char *ctime_r(const time_t *, char *); double difftime(time_t, time_t); [XSI] struct tm *getdate(const char *); struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *); [TSF] struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *restrict, struct tm *restrict); struct tm *localtime(const time_t *); [TSF] struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *restrict, struct tm *restrict); time_t mktime(struct tm *); [TMR] int nanosleep(const struct timespec *, struct timespec *); size_t strftime(char *restrict, size_t, const char *restrict, const struct tm *restrict); [XSI] char *strptime(const char *restrict, const char *restrict, struct tm *restrict); time_t time(time_t *); [TMR] int timer_create(clockid_t, struct sigevent *restrict, timer_t *restrict); int timer_delete(timer_t); int timer_gettime(timer_t, struct itimerspec *); int timer_getoverrun(timer_t); int timer_settime(timer_t, int, const struct itimerspec *restrict, struct itimerspec *restrict); [CX] void tzset(void);
The following shall be declared as variables:
[XSI] extern int daylight; extern long timezone; [CX] extern char *tzname[];[CX] Inclusion of the <time.h> header may make visible all symbols from the <signal.h> header.
The range [0,60] for tm_sec allows for the occasional leap second.
tm_year is a signed value; therefore, years before 1900 may be represented.
To obtain the number of clock ticks per second returned by the times() function, applications should call sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK).
The range [0,60] seconds allows for positive or negative leap seconds. The formal definition of UTC does not permit double leap seconds, so all mention of double leap seconds has been removed, and the range shortened from the former [0,61] seconds seen in previous versions of POSIX.
None.
<signal.h>, <sys/types.h>, the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, asctime(), clock(), clock_getcpuclockid(), clock_getres(), clock_nanosleep(), ctime(), difftime(), getdate(), gmtime(), localtime(), mktime(), nanosleep(), strftime(), strptime(), sysconf(), time(), timer_create(), timer_delete(), timer_getoverrun(), tzname, tzset(), utime()
First released in Issue 1. Derived from Issue 1 of the SVID.
The DESCRIPTION is updated for alignment with the POSIX Realtime Extension and the POSIX Threads Extension.
The Open Group Corrigendum U035/6 is applied. In the DESCRIPTION, the types clockid_t and timer_t have been described.
The following changes are made for alignment with the ISO POSIX-1:1996 standard:
The POSIX timer-related functions are marked as part of the Timers option.
The symbolic name CLK_TCK is removed. Application usage is added describing how its equivalent functionality can be obtained using sysconf().
The clock_getcpuclockid() function and manifest constants CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID are added for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1d-1999.
The manifest constant CLOCK_MONOTONIC and the clock_nanosleep() function are added for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000.
The following changes are made for alignment with the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard:
The range for seconds is changed from [0,61] to [0,60].
The restrict keyword is added to the prototypes for asctime_r(), gmtime_r(), localtime_r(), strftime(), strptime(), timer_create(), and timer_settime().
IEEE PASC Interpretation 1003.1 #84 is applied adding the statement that symbols from the <signal.h> header may be made visible when the <time.h> header is included.
Extensions beyond the ISO C standard are marked.