NAME

fwscanf, wscanf, swscanf - convert formatted wide-character input

 SYNOPSIS

#include <stdio.h>
#include <wchar.h>

int fwscanf(FILE *stream, const wchar_t *format, ... );
int wscanf(const wchar_t *format, ... );
int swscanf(const wchar_t *s, const wchar_t *format, ... );

 DESCRIPTION

The fwscanf() function reads from the named input stream. The wscanf() function reads from the standard input stream stdin. The swscanf() function reads from the wide-character string s. Each function reads wide-characters, interprets them according to a format, and stores the results in its arguments. Each expects, as arguments, a control wide-character string format described below, and a set of pointer arguments indicating where the converted input should be stored. The result is undefined if there are insufficient arguments for the format. If the format is exhausted while arguments remain, the excess arguments are evaluated but are otherwise ignored.

Conversions can be applied to the nth argument after the format in the argument list, rather than to the next unused argument. In this case, the conversion wide-character % (see below) is replaced by the sequence %n$, where n is a decimal integer in the range [1, {NL_ARGMAX}]. This feature provides for the definition of format wide-character strings that select arguments in an order appropriate to specific languages. In format wide-character strings containing the %n$ form of conversion specifications, it is unspecified whether numbered arguments in the argument list can be referenced from the format wide-character string more than once.

The format can contain either form of a conversion specification, that is, % or %n$, but the two forms cannot normally be mixed within a single format wide-character string. The only exception to this is that %% or %* can be mixed with the %n$ form.

The fwscanf() function in all its forms allows for detection of a language-dependent radix character in the input string, encoded as a wide-character value. The radix character is defined in the program's locale (category LC_NUMERIC). In the POSIX locale, or in a locale where the radix character is not defined, the radix character defaults to a period (.).

The format is a wide-character string composed of zero or more directives. Each directive is composed of one of the following: one or more white-space wide-characters (space, tab, newline, vertical-tab or form-feed characters); an ordinary wide-character (neither % nor a white-space character); or a conversion specification. Each conversion specification is introduced by a % or the sequence %n$ after which the following appear in sequence:

• An optional assignment-suppressing character *.

• An optional non-zero decimal integer that specifies the maximum field width.

• An optional size modifier h, l (ell) or L indicating the size of the receiving object. The conversion wide-characters c, s and [ must be precede by l (ell) if the corresponding argument is a pointer to wchar_t rather than a pointer to a character type. The conversion wide-characters d, i and n must be preceded by h if the corresponding argument is a pointer to short int rather than a pointer to int, or by l (ell) if it is a pointer to long int. Similarly, the conversion wide-characters o, u and x must be preceded by h if the corresponding argument is a pointer to unsigned short int rather than a pointer to unsigned int or by l (ell) if it is a pointer to unsigned long int. The conversion wide-characters e, f and g must be preceded by l (ell) if the corresponding argument is a pointer to double rather than a pointer to float, or by L if it is a pointer to long double. If an h, l (ell) or L appears with any other conversion wide-character, the behaviour is undefined.

• A conversion wide-character that specifies the type of conversion to be applied. The valid conversion wide-characters are described below.

The fwscanf() functions execute each directive of the format in turn. If a directive fails, as detailed below, the function returns. Failures are described as input failures (due to the unavailability of input bytes) or matching failures (due to inappropriate input).

A directive composed of one or more white-space wide-characters is executed by reading input until no more valid input can be read, or up to the first wide-character which is not a white-space wide-character, which remains unread.

A directive that is an ordinary wide-character is executed as follows. The next wide-character is read from the input and compared with the wide-character that comprises the directive; if the comparison shows that they are not equivalent, the directive fails, and the differing and subsequent wide-characters remain unread.

A directive that is a conversion specification defines a set of matching input sequences, as described below for each conversion wide-character. A conversion specification is executed in the following steps:

Input white-space wide-characters (as specified by iswspace()) are skipped, unless the conversion specification includes a [, c or n conversion character.

An item is read from the input, unless the conversion specification includes an n conversion wide-character. An input item is defined as the longest sequence of input wide-characters, not exceeding any specified field width, which is an initial subsequence of a matching sequence. The first wide-character, if any, after the input item remains unread. If the length of the input item is 0, the execution of the conversion specification fails; this condition is a matching failure, unless end-of-file, an encoding error, or a read error prevented input from the stream, in which case it is an input failure.

Except in the case of a % conversion wide-character, the input item (or, in the case of a %n conversion specification, the count of input wide-characters) is converted to a type appropriate to the conversion wide-character. If the input item is not a matching sequence, the execution of the conversion specification fails; this condition is a matching failure. Unless assignment suppression was indicated by a *, the result of the conversion is placed in the object pointed to by the first argument following the format argument that has not already received a conversion result if the conversion specification is introduced by %,  or in the nth argument if introduced by the wide-character sequence %n$.  If this object does not have an appropriate type, or if the result of the conversion cannot be represented in the space provided, the behaviour is undefined.

The following conversion wide-characters are valid:

d

Matches an optionally signed decimal integer, whose format is the same as expected for the subject sequence of wcstol() with the value 10 for the base argument. In the absence of a size modifier, the corresponding argument must be a pointer to int.

i

Matches an optionally signed integer, whose format is the same as expected for the subject sequence of wcstol() with 0 for the base argument. In the absence of a size modifier, the corresponding argument must be a pointer to int.

o

Matches an optionally signed octal integer, whose format is the same as expected for the subject sequence of wcstoul() with the value 8 for the base argument. In the absence of a size modifier, the corresponding argument must be a pointer to unsigned int.

u

Matches an optionally signed decimal integer, whose format is the same as expected for the subject sequence of wcstoul() with the value 10 for the base argument. In the absence of a size modifier, the corresponding argument must be a pointer to unsigned int.

x

Matches an optionally signed hexadecimal integer, whose format is the same as expected for the subject sequence of wcstoul() with the value 16 for the base argument. In the absence of a size modifier, the corresponding argument must be a pointer to unsigned int.

e, f, g

Matches an optionally signed floating-point number, whose format is the same as expected for the subject sequence of wcstod(). In the absence of a size modifier, the corresponding argument must be a pointer to float. If the fwprintf() family of functions generates character string representations for infinity and NaN (a 7858 symbolic entity encoded in floating-point format) to support the ANSI/IEEE Std 754:1985 standard, the fwscanf() family of functions will recognise them as input.

s

Matches a sequence of non white-space wide-characters. If no l (ell) qualifier is present, characters from the input field are converted as if by repeated calls to the wcrtomb() function, with the conversion state described by an mbstate_t object initialised to zero before the first wide-character is converted. The corresponding argument must be a pointer to a character array large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null character, which will be added automatically. Otherwise, the corresponding argument must be a pointer to an array of wchar_t large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null wide-character, which will be added automatically.

[

Matches a non-empty sequence of wide-characters from a set of expected wide-characters (the scanset). If no l (ell) qualifier is present, wide-characters from the input field are converted as if by repeated calls to the wcrtomb() function, with the conversion state described by an mbstate_t object initialised to zero before the first wide-character is converted. The corresponding argument must be a pointer to a character array large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null character, which will be added automatically. If an l (ell) qualifier is present, the corresponding argument must be a pointer to an array of wchar_t large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null wide-character, which will be added automatically. The conversion specification includes all subsequent widw characters in the format string up to and including the matching right square bracket (]). The wide-characters between the square brackets (the scanlist) comprise the scanset, unless the wide-character after the left square bracket is a circumflex (^), in which case the scanset contains all wide-characters that do not appear in the scanlist between the circumflex and the right square bracket. If the conversion specification begins with [] or [^], the right square bracket is included in the scanlist and the next right square bracket is the matching right square bracket that ends the conversion specification; otherwise the first right square bracket is the one that ends the conversion specification. If a - is in the scanlist and is not the first wide-character, nor the second where the first wide-character is a ^, nor the last wide-character, the behaviour is implementation-dependent.

c

Matches a sequence of wide-characters of the number specified by the field width (1 if no field width is present in the conversion specification). If no l (ell) qualifier is present, wide-characters from the input field are converted as if by repeated calls to the wcrtomb() function, with the conversion state described by an mbstate_t object initialised to zero before the first wide-character is converted. The corresponding argument must be a pointer to a character array large enough to accept the sequence. No null character is added. Otherwise, the corresponding argument must be a pointer to an array of wchar_t large enough to accept the sequence. No null wide-character is added.

p

Matches an implementation-dependent set of sequences, which must be the same as the set of sequences that is produced by the %p conversion of the corresponding fwprintf() functions. The corresponding argument must be a pointer to a pointer to void. The interpretation of the input item is implementation-dependent. If the input item is a value converted earlier during the same program execution, the pointer that results will compare equal to that value; otherwise the behaviour of the %p conversion is undefined.

n

No input is consumed. The corresponding argument must be a pointer to the integer into which is to be written the number of wide-characters read from the input so far by this call to the fwscanf() functions. Execution of a %n conversion specification does not increment the assignment count returned at the completion of execution of the function.

C

Same as lc.

S

Same as ls.

%

Matches a single %; no conversion or assignment occurs. The complete conversion specification must be %%.

If a conversion specification is invalid, the behaviour is undefined.

The conversion characters E, G and X are also valid and behave the same as, respectively, e, g and x.

If end-of-file is encountered during input, conversion is terminated. If end-of-file occurs before any wide-characters matching the current conversion specification (except for %n) have been read (other than leading white-space, where permitted), execution of the current conversion specification terminates with an input failure. Otherwise, unless execution of the current conversion specification is terminated with a matching failure, execution of the following conversion specification (if any) is terminated with an input failure.

Reaching the end of the string in swscanf() is equivalent to encountering end-of-file for fwscanf().

If conversion terminates on a conflicting input, the offending input is left unread in the input. Any trailing white space (including newline) is left unread unless matched by a conversion specification. The success of literal matches and suppressed assignments is only directly determinable via the %n conversion specification.

The fwscanf() and wscanf() functions may mark the st_atime field of the file associated with stream for update. The st_atime field will be marked for update by the first successful execution of fgetc(), fgetwc(), fgets(), fgetws(), fread(), getc(), getwc(), getchar(), getwchar(), gets(), fscanf() or fwscanf() using stream that returns data not supplied by a prior call to ungetc().

 RETURN VALUE

Upon successful completion, these functions return the number of successfully matched and assigned input items; this number can be 0 in the event of an early matching failure. If the input ends before the first matching failure or conversion, EOF is returned. If a read error occurs the error indicator for the stream is set, EOF is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

 ERRORS

For the conditions under which the fwscanf() functions will fail and may fail, refer to fgetwc().

In addition, fwscanf() may fail if:

[EILSEQ]

Input byte sequence does not form a valid character.

[EINVAL]

There are insufficient arguments.

 EXAMPLES

The call:

int i, n; float x; char name[50];
n = wscanf(L"%d%f%s", &i, &x, name);

with the input line:

25 54.32E-1 Hamster

will assign to n the value 3, to i the value 25, to x the value 5.432, and name will contain the string Hamster.

The call:

int i; float x; char name[50];
(void) wscanf(L"%2d%f%*d %[0123456789]", &i, &x, name);

with input:

56789 0123 56a72

will assign 56 to i, 789.0 to x, skip 0123, and place the string 56\0 in name. The next call to getchar() will return the character a.

 APPLICATION USAGE

In format strings containing the % form of conversion specifications, each argument in the argument list is used exactly once.

 FUTURE DIRECTIONS

None.

 SEE ALSO

getwc(), fwprintf(), setlocale(), wcstod(), wcstol(), wcstoul(), wcrtomb(), <langinfo.h>, <stdio.h>, <wchar.h>, the XBD specification, Locale .

DERIVATION

Derived from the ISO/IEC 9899:1990/Amendment 1:1995 (E).