The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6
IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition
Copyright © 2001-2004 The IEEE and The Open Group, All Rights reserved.
A newer edition of this document exists here

NAME

stdlib.h - standard library definitions

SYNOPSIS

#include <stdlib.h>

DESCRIPTION

[CX] [Option Start] Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the ISO C standard. Applications shall define the appropriate feature test macro (see the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment) to enable the visibility of these symbols in this header. [Option End]

The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following macros:

EXIT_FAILURE
Unsuccessful termination for exit(); evaluates to a non-zero value.
EXIT_SUCCESS
Successful termination for exit(); evaluates to 0.
NULL
Null pointer.
{RAND_MAX}
Maximum value returned by rand(); at least 32767.
{MB_CUR_MAX}
Integer expression whose value is the maximum number of bytes in a character specified by the current locale.

The following data types shall be defined through typedef:

div_t
Structure type returned by the div() function.
ldiv_t
Structure type returned by the ldiv() function.
lldiv_t
Structure type returned by the lldiv() function.
size_t
As described in <stddef.h>.
wchar_t
As described in <stddef.h>.

In addition, the following symbolic names and macros shall be defined as in <sys/wait.h> , for use in decoding the return value from system():


[XSI] [Option Start]
WNOHANG
WUNTRACED
WEXITSTATUS
WIFEXITED
WIFSIGNALED
WIFSTOPPED
WSTOPSIG
WTERMSIG
[Option End]

The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.

void          _Exit(int);
[XSI][Option Start]
long          a64l(const char *);
[Option End]
void          abort(void);
int           abs(int);
int           atexit(void (*)(void));
double        atof(const char *);
int           atoi(const char *);
long          atol(const char *);
long long     atoll(const char *);
void         *bsearch(const void *, const void *, size_t, size_t,
                  int (*)(const void *, const void *));
void         *calloc(size_t, size_t);
div_t         div(int, int);
[XSI][Option Start]
double        drand48(void);
char         *ecvt(double, int, int *restrict, int *restrict); (LEGACY )
double        erand48(unsigned short[3]);
[Option End]
void          exit(int);
[XSI][Option Start]
char         *fcvt(double, int, int *restrict, int *restrict); (LEGACY )
[Option End]
void          free(void *);
[XSI][Option Start]
char         *gcvt(double, int, char *); (LEGACY )
[Option End]
char         *getenv(const char *);
[XSI][Option Start]
int           getsubopt(char **, char *const *, char **);
int           grantpt(int);
char         *initstate(unsigned, char *, size_t);
long          jrand48(unsigned short[3]);
char         *l64a(long);
[Option End]
long          labs(long);
[XSI][Option Start]
void          lcong48(unsigned short[7]);
[Option End]
ldiv_t        ldiv(long, long);
long long     llabs(long long);
lldiv_t       lldiv(long long, long long);
[XSI][Option Start]
long          lrand48(void);
[Option End]
void         *malloc(size_t);
int           mblen(const char *, size_t);
size_t        mbstowcs(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
int           mbtowc(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
[XSI][Option Start]
char         *mktemp(char *); (LEGACY )
int           mkstemp(char *);
long          mrand48(void);
long          nrand48(unsigned short[3]);
[Option End]
[ADV][Option Start]
int           posix_memalign(void **, size_t, size_t);
[Option End]
[XSI][Option Start]
int           posix_openpt(int);
char         *ptsname(int);
int           putenv(char *);
[Option End]
void          qsort(void *, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void *,
                  const void *));
int           rand(void);
[TSF][Option Start]
int           rand_r(unsigned *);
[Option End]
[XSI][Option Start]
long          random(void);
[Option End]
void         *realloc(void *, size_t);
[XSI][Option Start]
char         *realpath(const char *restrict, char *restrict);
unsigned short seed48(unsigned short[3]);
[Option End]
[CX][Option Start]
int           setenv(const char *, const char *, int);
[Option End]
[XSI][Option Start]
void          setkey(const char *);
char         *setstate(const char *);
[Option End]
void          srand(unsigned);
[XSI][Option Start]
void          srand48(long);
void          srandom(unsigned);
[Option End]
double        strtod(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
float         strtof(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
long          strtol(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
long double   strtold(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
long long     strtoll(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
unsigned long long
              strtoull(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
int           system(const char *);
[XSI][Option Start]
int           unlockpt(int);
[Option End]
[CX][Option Start]
int           unsetenv(const char *);
[Option End]
size_t        wcstombs(char *restrict, const wchar_t *restrict, size_t);
int           wctomb(char *, wchar_t);

[XSI] [Option Start] Inclusion of the <stdlib.h> header may also make visible all symbols from <stddef.h>, <limits.h>, <math.h>, and <sys/wait.h>. [Option End]


The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE

None.

RATIONALE

None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

None.

SEE ALSO

<limits.h>, <math.h>, <stddef.h>, <sys/types.h>, <sys/wait.h>, the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, _Exit(), a64l(), abort(), abs(), atexit(), atof(), atoi(), atol(), atoll(), bsearch(), calloc(), div(), drand48(), erand48(), exit(), free(), getenv(), getsubopt(), grantpt(), initstate(), jrand48(), l64a(), labs(), lcong48(), ldiv(), llabs(), lldiv(), lrand48(), malloc(), mblen(), mbstowcs(), mbtowc(), mkstemp(), mrand48(), nrand48(), posix_memalign(), ptsname(), putenv(), qsort(), rand(), realloc(), realpath(), setstate(), srand(), srand48(), srandom(), strtod(), strtof(), strtol(), strtold(), strtoll(), strtoul(), strtoull(), unlockpt(), wcstombs(), wctomb()

CHANGE HISTORY

First released in Issue 3.

Issue 5

The DESCRIPTION is updated for alignment with the POSIX Threads Extension.

The ttyslot() and valloc() functions are marked LEGACY.

The type of the third argument to initstate() is changed from int to size_t. The type of the return value from setstate() is changed from char to char *, and the type of the first argument is changed from char * to const char *.

Issue 6

The Open Group Corrigendum U021/1 is applied, correcting the prototype for realpath() to be consistent with the reference page.

The Open Group Corrigendum U028/13 is applied, correcting the prototype for putenv() to be consistent with the reference page.

The rand_r() function is marked as part of the Thread-Safe Functions option.

Function prototypes for setenv() and unsetenv() are added.

The posix_memalign() function is added for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1d-1999.

This reference page is updated to align with the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard.

The ecvt(), fcvt(), gcvt(), and mktemp() functions are marked LEGACY.

The ttyslot() and valloc() functions are removed as they were previously marked LEGACY.

Extensions beyond the ISO C standard are marked.

End of informative text.

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