NAME

ilogb, ilogbf, ilogbl - return an unbiased exponent

SYNOPSIS

#include <math.h>

int ilogb(double x);
int ilogbf(float x);
int ilogbl(long double x);


DESCRIPTION

^[CX] The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 defers to the ISO C standard.

These functions shall return the exponent part of their argument x. Formally, the return value is the integral part of log_r|x| as a signed integral value, for non-zero x, where r is the radix of the machine's floating-point arithmetic, which is the value of FLT_RADIX defined in <float.h>.

An application wishing to check for error situations should set errno to zero and call feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before calling these functions. On return, if errno is non-zero or fetestexcept(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.

RETURN VALUE

Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the exponent part of x as a signed integer value. They are equivalent to calling the corresponding logb() function and casting the returned value to type int.

If x is 0, ^[XSI]  a domain error shall occur, and the value FP_ILOGB0 shall be returned.

If x is ±Inf, ^[XSI]  a domain error shall occur, and the value {INT_MAX} shall be returned.

If x is a NaN, ^[XSI]  a domain error shall occur, and the value FP_ILOGBNAN shall be returned.

^[XSI] If the correct value is greater than {INT_MAX}, {INT_MAX} shall be returned and a domain error shall occur.

If the correct value is less than {INT_MIN}, {INT_MIN} shall be returned and a domain error shall occur.

ERRORS

These functions shall fail if:

Domain Error

^[XSI] The x argument is zero, NaN, or ±Inf, or the correct value is not representable as an integer.

If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then errno shall be set to [EDOM]. If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the invalid floating-point exception shall be raised.

EXAMPLES

None.

APPLICATION USAGE

On error, the expressions (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) and (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) are independent of each other, but at least one of them must be non-zero.

RATIONALE

The errors come from taking the expected floating-point value and converting it to int, which is an invalid operation in IEEE Std 754-1985 (since overflow, infinity, and NaN are not representable in a type int), so should be a domain error.

There are no known implementations that overflow. For overflow to happen, {INT_MAX} must be less than LDBL_MAX_EXP*log2(FLT_RADIX) or {INT_MIN} must be greater than LDBL_MIN_EXP*log2(FLT_RADIX) if subnormals are not supported, or {INT_MIN} must be greater than (LDBL_MIN_EXP-LDBL_MANT_DIG)*log2(FLT_RADIX) if subnormals are supported.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

None.

SEE ALSO

feclearexcept(), fetestexcept(), logb(), scalb(), the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 4.18, Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions, <float.h>, <math.h>

CHANGE HISTORY

First released in Issue 4, Version 2.

Issue 5

Moved from X/OPEN UNIX extension to BASE.

Issue 6

The ilogb() function is no longer marked as an extension.

The ilogbf() and ilogbl() functions are added for alignment with the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard.

The RETURN VALUE section is revised for alignment with the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard.

XSI extensions are marked.