NAME

iconv - codeset conversion

SYNOPSIS

iconv [-cs] -f frommap -t tomap [file...]

iconv -f fromcode [-cs] [-t tocode] [file...]

iconv -t tocode [-cs] [-f fromcode] [file...]

iconv -l


DESCRIPTION

The iconv utility shall convert the encoding of characters in file from one codeset to another and write the results to standard output.

When the options indicate that charmap files are used to specify the codesets (see OPTIONS), the codeset conversion shall be accomplished by performing a logical join on the symbolic character names in the two charmaps. The implementation need not support the use of charmap files for codeset conversion unless the POSIX2_LOCALEDEF symbol is defined on the system.

OPTIONS

The iconv utility shall conform to XBD Utility Syntax Guidelines.

The following options shall be supported:

-c

Omit any characters that are invalid in the codeset of the input file from the output. When -c is not used, the results of encountering invalid characters in the input stream (either those that are not characters in the codeset of the input file or that have no corresponding character in the codeset of the output file) shall be specified in the system documentation. The presence or absence of -c shall not affect the exit status of iconv.

-f  fromcodeset

Identify the codeset of the input file. The implementation shall recognize the following two forms of the fromcodeset option-argument:

fromcode

The fromcode option-argument must not contain a <slash> character. It shall be interpreted as the name of one of the codeset descriptions provided by the implementation in an unspecified format. Valid values of fromcode are implementation-defined.

frommap

The frommap option-argument must contain a <slash> character. It shall be interpreted as the pathname of a charmap file as defined in XBD Character Set Description File. If the pathname does not represent a valid, readable charmap file, the results are undefined.

If this option is omitted, the codeset of the current locale shall be used.

-l

Write all supported fromcode and tocode values to standard output in an unspecified format.

-s

Suppress any messages written to standard error concerning invalid characters. When -s is not used, the results of encountering invalid characters in the input stream (either those that are not valid characters in the codeset of the input file or that have no corresponding character in the codeset of the output file) shall be specified in the system documentation. The presence or absence of -s shall not affect the exit status of iconv.

-t  tocodeset

Identify the codeset to be used for the output file. The implementation shall recognize the following two forms of the tocodeset option-argument:

tocode

The semantics shall be equivalent to the -f fromcode option.

tomap

The semantics shall be equivalent to the -f frommap option.

If this option is omitted, the codeset of the current locale shall be used.

If either -f or -t represents a charmap file, but the other does not (or is omitted), or both -f and -t are omitted, the results are undefined.

OPERANDS

The following operand shall be supported:

file

A pathname of an input file. If no file operands are specified, or if a file operand is '-', the standard input shall be used.

STDIN

The standard input shall be used only if no file operands are specified, or if a file operand is '-' .

INPUT FILES

The input file shall be a text file.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

The following environment variables shall affect the execution of iconv:

LANG

Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See XBD Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)

LC_ALL

If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.

LC_CTYPE

Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments). During translation of the file, this variable is superseded by the use of the fromcode option-argument.

LC_MESSAGES

Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.

NLSPATH

^[XSI] Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS

Default.

STDOUT

When the -l option is used, the standard output shall contain all supported fromcode and tocode values, written in an unspecified format.

When the -l option is not used, the standard output shall contain the sequence of characters read from the input files, translated to the specified codeset. Nothing else shall be written to the standard output.

STDERR

The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OUTPUT FILES

None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION

None.

EXIT STATUS

The following exit values shall be returned:

 0

Successful completion.

>0

An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS

Default.

APPLICATION USAGE

The user must ensure that both charmap files use the same symbolic names for characters the two codesets have in common.

EXAMPLES

The following example converts the contents of file mail.x400 from the ISO/IEC 6937:1994 standard codeset to the ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998 standard codeset, and stores the results in file mail.local:

iconv -f IS6937 -t IS8859 mail.x400 > mail.local

RATIONALE

The iconv utility can be used portably only when the user provides two charmap files as option-arguments. This is because a single charmap provided by the user cannot reliably be joined with the names in a system-provided character set description. The valid values for fromcode and tocode are implementation-defined and do not have to have any relation to the charmap mechanisms. As an aid to interactive users, the -l option was adopted from the Plan 9 operating system. It writes information concerning these implementation-defined values. The format is unspecified because there are many possible useful formats that could be chosen, such as a matrix of valid combinations of fromcode and tocode. The -l option is not intended for shell script usage; conforming applications will have to use charmaps.

The iconv utility may support the conversion between ASCII and EBCDIC-based encodings, but is not required to do so. In an XSI-compliant implementation, the dd utility is the only method guaranteed to support conversion between these two character sets.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

None.

SEE ALSO

dd, gencat

XBD Character Set Description File, Environment Variables, Utility Syntax Guidelines

CHANGE HISTORY

First released in Issue 3.

Issue 6

This utility has been rewritten to align with the IEEE P1003.2b draft standard. Specifically, the ability to use charmap files for conversion has been added.

IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002, item XCU/TC1/D6/29 is applied, making changes to address inconsistencies with the iconv() function in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1-2008.

Issue 7

Austin Group Interpretation 1003.1-2001 #206 is applied, correcting the tomap option.

SD5-XCU-ERN-97 is applied, updating the SYNOPSIS.

POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 1, XCU/TC1-2008/0094 [291] and XCU/TC1-2008/0095 [291] are applied.