NAME

clock_getres, clock_gettime, clock_settime — clock and timer functions

SYNOPSIS

[CX] #include <time.h>

int clock_getres(clockid_t clock_id, struct timespec *res);
int clock_gettime(clockid_t clock_id, struct timespec *tp);
int clock_settime(clockid_t clock_id, const struct timespec *tp);

DESCRIPTION

The clock_getres() function shall return the resolution of any clock. Clock resolutions are implementation-defined and cannot be set by a process. If the argument res is not NULL, the resolution of the specified clock shall be stored in the location pointed to by res. If res is NULL, the clock resolution is not returned. If the time argument of clock_settime() is not a multiple of res, then the value is truncated to a multiple of res.

The clock_gettime() function shall return the current value tp for the specified clock, clock_id.

The clock_settime() function shall set the specified clock, clock_id, to the value specified by tp. Time values that are between two consecutive non-negative integer multiples of the resolution of the specified clock shall be truncated down to the smaller multiple of the resolution.

A clock may be system-wide (that is, visible to all processes) or per-process (measuring time that is meaningful only within a process). All implementations shall support a clock_id of CLOCK_REALTIME as defined in <time.h>. This clock represents the clock measuring real time for the system. For this clock, the values returned by clock_gettime() and specified by clock_settime() represent the amount of time (in seconds and nanoseconds) since the Epoch. An implementation may also support additional clocks. The interpretation of time values for these clocks is unspecified.

If the value of the CLOCK_REALTIME clock is set via clock_settime(), the new value of the clock shall be used to determine the time of expiration for absolute time services based upon the CLOCK_REALTIME clock. This applies to the time at which armed absolute timers expire. If the absolute time requested at the invocation of such a time service is before the new value of the clock, the time service shall expire immediately as if the clock had reached the requested time normally.

Setting the value of the CLOCK_REALTIME clock via clock_settime() shall have no effect on threads that are blocked waiting for a relative time service based upon this clock, including the nanosleep() and thrd_sleep() functions; nor on the expiration of relative timers based upon this clock. Consequently, these time services shall expire when the requested relative interval elapses, independently of the new or old value of the clock.

All implementations shall support a clock_id of CLOCK_MONOTONIC defined in <time.h>. This clock represents the monotonic clock for the system. For this clock, the value returned by clock_gettime() represents the amount of time (in seconds and nanoseconds) since an unspecified point in the past (for example, system start-up time, or the Epoch). This point does not change after system start-up time. The value of the CLOCK_MONOTONIC clock cannot be set via clock_settime(). This function shall fail if it is invoked with a clock_id argument of CLOCK_MONOTONIC.

The effect of setting a clock via clock_settime() on armed per-process timers associated with a clock other than CLOCK_REALTIME is implementation-defined.

If the value of the CLOCK_REALTIME clock is set via clock_settime(), the new value of the clock shall be used to determine the time at which the system shall awaken a thread blocked on an absolute clock_nanosleep() call based upon the CLOCK_REALTIME clock. If the absolute time requested at the invocation of such a time service is before the new value of the clock, the call shall return immediately as if the clock had reached the requested time normally.

Setting the value of the CLOCK_REALTIME clock via clock_settime() shall have no effect on any thread that is blocked on a relative clock_nanosleep() call. Consequently, the call shall return when the requested relative interval elapses, independently of the new or old value of the clock.

Appropriate privileges to set a particular clock are implementation-defined.

^[CPT] If _POSIX_CPUTIME is defined, implementations shall support clock ID values obtained by invoking clock_getcpuclockid(), which represent the CPU-time clock of a given process. Implementations shall also support the special clockid_t value CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, which represents the CPU-time clock of the calling process when invoking one of the clock_*() or timer_*() functions. For these clock IDs, the values returned by clock_gettime() and specified by clock_settime() represent the amount of execution time of the process associated with the clock. Changing the value of a CPU-time clock via clock_settime() shall have no effect on the behavior of the sporadic server scheduling policy (see Scheduling Policies ).

^[TCT] If _POSIX_THREAD_CPUTIME is defined, implementations shall support clock ID values obtained by invoking pthread_getcpuclockid(), which represent the CPU-time clock of a given thread. Implementations shall also support the special clockid_t value CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, which represents the CPU-time clock of the calling thread when invoking one of the clock_*() or timer_*() functions. For these clock IDs, the values returned by clock_gettime() and specified by clock_settime() shall represent the amount of execution time of the thread associated with the clock. Changing the value of a CPU-time clock via clock_settime() shall have no effect on the behavior of the sporadic server scheduling policy (see Scheduling Policies).

RETURN VALUE

A return value of 0 shall indicate that the call succeeded. A return value of -1 shall indicate that an error occurred, and errno shall be set to indicate the error.

ERRORS

The clock_getres(), clock_gettime(), and clock_settime() functions shall fail if:

[EINVAL]

The clock_id argument does not specify a known clock.

The clock_gettime() function shall fail if:

[EOVERFLOW]

The number of seconds will not fit in an object of type time_t.

The clock_settime() function shall fail if:

[EINVAL]

The tp argument to clock_settime() is outside the range for the given clock ID.

[EINVAL]

The tp argument specified a nanosecond value less than zero or greater than or equal to 1000 million.

[EINVAL]

The value of the clock_id argument is CLOCK_MONOTONIC.

The clock_settime() function may fail if:

[EPERM]

The requesting process does not have appropriate privileges to set the specified clock.

EXAMPLES

None.

APPLICATION USAGE

Note that the absolute value of the monotonic clock is meaningless (because its origin is arbitrary), and thus there is no need to set it. Furthermore, realtime applications can rely on the fact that the value of this clock is never set and, therefore, that time intervals measured with this clock will not be affected by calls to clock_settime().

RATIONALE

None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

None.

SEE ALSO

Scheduling Policies, clock_getcpuclockid, clock_nanosleep, ctime, mq_receive, mq_send, nanosleep, pthread_mutex_clocklock, sem_clockwait, thrd_sleep, time, timer_create, timer_getoverrun

XBD <time.h>

CHANGE HISTORY

First released in Issue 5. Included for alignment with the POSIX Realtime Extension.

Issue 6

The [ENOSYS] error condition has been removed as stubs need not be provided if an implementation does not support the Timers option.

The APPLICATION USAGE section is added.

The following changes were made to align with the IEEE P1003.1a draft standard:

• Clarification is added of the effect of resetting the clock resolution.

CPU-time clocks and the clock_getcpuclockid() function are added for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1d-1999.

The following changes are added for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000:

• The DESCRIPTION is updated as follows:

  • The value returned by clock_gettime() for CLOCK_MONOTONIC is specified.

  • The clock_settime() function failing for CLOCK_MONOTONIC is specified.

  • The effects of clock_settime() on the clock_nanosleep() function with respect to CLOCK_REALTIME are specified.

• An [EINVAL] error is added to the ERRORS section, indicating that clock_settime() fails for CLOCK_MONOTONIC.

• The APPLICATION USAGE section notes that the CLOCK_MONOTONIC clock need not and shall not be set by clock_settime() since the absolute value of the CLOCK_MONOTONIC clock is meaningless.

• The clock_nanosleep(), mq_timedreceive(), mq_timedsend(), pthread_mutex_timedlock(), sem_timedwait(), timer_create(), and timer_settime() functions are added to the SEE ALSO section.

Issue 7

Functionality relating to the Clock Selection option is moved to the Base.

The clock_getres(), clock_gettime(), and clock_settime() functions are moved from the Timers option to the Base.

POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 1, XSH/TC1-2008/0058 [106] is applied.

Issue 8

Austin Group Defect 1302 is applied, changing "the nanosleep() function" to "the nanosleep() and thrd_sleep() functions".

Austin Group Defect 1346 is applied, requiring support for Monotonic Clock.