getlogin, getlogin_r — get login name
#include <unistd.h>
char *getlogin(void);
int getlogin_r(char *name, size_t namesize);
The getlogin() function shall return a pointer to a string containing the user name associated by the login activity with the controlling terminal of the current process. If getlogin() returns a non-null pointer, then that pointer points to the name that the user logged in under, even if there are several login names with the same user ID.
The getlogin() function need not be thread-safe.
The getlogin_r() function shall put the name associated by the login activity with the controlling terminal of the current process in the character array pointed to by name. The array is namesize characters long and should have space for the name and the terminating null character. The maximum size of the login name is {LOGIN_NAME_MAX}.
If getlogin_r() is successful, name points to the name the user used at login, even if there are several login names with the same user ID.
The getlogin() and getlogin_r() functions may make use of file descriptors 0, 1, and 2 to find the controlling terminal of the current process, examining each in turn until the terminal is found. If in this case none of these three file descriptors is open to the controlling terminal, these functions may fail. The method used to find the terminal associated with a file descriptor may depend on the file descriptor being open to the actual terminal device, not /dev/tty.
Upon successful completion, getlogin() shall return a pointer to the login name or a null pointer if the user's login name cannot be found. Otherwise, it shall return a null pointer and set errno to indicate the error.
The application shall not modify the string returned. The returned pointer might be invalidated or the string content might be overwritten by a subsequent call to getlogin(). The returned pointer and the string content might also be invalidated if the calling thread is terminated.
If successful, the getlogin_r() function shall return zero; otherwise, an error number shall be returned to indicate the error.
These functions may fail if:
- [EMFILE]
- All file descriptors available to the process are currently open.
- [ENFILE]
- The maximum allowable number of files is currently open in the system.
- [ENOTTY]
- None of the file descriptors 0, 1, or 2 is open to the controlling terminal of the current process.
- [ENXIO]
- The calling process has no controlling terminal.
The getlogin_r() function shall fail if:
- [ERANGE]
- The value of namesize is smaller than the length of the string to be returned including the terminating null character.
Getting the User Login Name
The following example calls the getlogin() function to obtain the name of the user associated with the calling process, and passes this information to the getpwnam() function to get the associated user database information.
#include <unistd.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <pwd.h> #include <stdio.h> ... char *lgn; struct passwd *pw; ... if ((lgn = getlogin()) == NULL || (pw = getpwnam(lgn)) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Get of user information failed.\n"); exit(1); }
Three names associated with the current process can be determined: getpwuid(geteuid()) shall return the name associated with the effective user ID of the process; getlogin() shall return the name associated with the current login activity; and getpwuid(getuid()) shall return the name associated with the real user ID of the process.
The getlogin_r() function is thread-safe and returns values in a user-supplied buffer instead of possibly using a static data area that may be overwritten by each call.
The getlogin() function returns a pointer to the user's login name. The same user ID may be shared by several login names. If it is desired to get the user database entry that is used during login, the result of getlogin() should be used to provide the argument to the getpwnam() function. (This might be used to determine the user's login shell, particularly where a single user has multiple login shells with distinct login names, but the same user ID.)
The information provided by the cuserid() function, which was originally defined in the POSIX.1-1988 standard and subsequently removed, can be obtained by the following:
getpwuid(geteuid())while the information provided by historical implementations of cuserid() can be obtained by:
getpwuid(getuid())The thread-safe version of this function places the user name in a user-supplied buffer and returns a non-zero value if it fails. The non-thread-safe version may return the name in a static data area that may be overwritten by each call.
None.
getpwnam, getpwuid, geteuid, getuid
XBD <limits.h>, <unistd.h>
First released in Issue 1. Derived from System V Release 2.0.
Normative text previously in the APPLICATION USAGE section is moved to the RETURN VALUE section.
The getlogin_r() function is included for alignment with the POSIX Threads Extension.
A note indicating that the getlogin() function need not be reentrant is added to the DESCRIPTION.
The getlogin_r() function is marked as part of the Thread-Safe Functions option.
In the DESCRIPTION, the note about reentrancy is expanded to cover thread-safety.
The following new requirements on POSIX implementations derive from alignment with the Single UNIX Specification:
In the RETURN VALUE section, the requirement to set errno on error is added.
The [EMFILE], [ENFILE], and [ENXIO] optional error conditions are added.
The APPLICATION USAGE section is updated to include a note on the thread-safe function and its avoidance of possibly using a static data area.
Austin Group Interpretation 1003.1-2001 #156 is applied.
SD5-XBD-ERN-4 is applied, changing the definition of the [EMFILE] error.
The getlogin_r() function is moved from the Thread-Safe Functions option to the Base.
POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 1, XSH/TC1-2008/0243 [172], XSH/TC1-2008/0244 [75], and XSH/TC1-2008/0245 [172] are applied.
POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 2, XSH/TC2-2008/0168 [656] is applied.
Austin Group Defect 398 is applied, changing the [ERANGE] error from "may fail" to "shall fail".
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