Contents

1        Introduction. 1

1.1     Intended Audience. 2

1.2     Structure. 2

2        Enterprise Architecture. 4

2.1     Why Enterprise Architecture?. 4

2.2     Definitions. 5

2.3     ArchiMate and TOGAF. 6

3        Language Structure. 8

3.1     Design Approach. 8

3.2     Core Concepts. 9

3.3     Collaboration and Interaction. 10

3.4     Relationships. 10

3.5     Layering. 10

3.6     The ArchiMate Framework. 11

4        Business Layer 13

4.1     Business Layer Metamodel 13

4.2     Structural Concepts. 13

4.2.1       Business Actor 14

4.2.2       Business Role. 15

4.2.3       Business Collaboration. 16

4.2.4       Business Interface. 17

4.2.5       Business Object 18

4.3     Behavioral Concepts. 19

4.3.1       Business Process. 20

4.3.2       Business Function. 21

4.3.3       Business Interaction. 22

4.3.4       Business Event 24

4.3.5       Business Service. 25

4.4     Informational Concepts. 26

4.4.1       Representation. 27

4.4.2       Meaning. 28

4.4.3       Value. 29

4.4.4       Product 30

4.4.5       Contract 31

4.5     Summary of Business Layer Concepts. 32

5        Application Layer 34

5.1     Application Layer Metamodel 34

5.2     Structural Concepts. 34

5.2.1       Application Component 35

5.2.2       Application Collaboration. 36

5.2.3       Application Interface. 37

5.2.4       Data Object 37

5.3     Behavioral Concepts. 38

5.3.1       Application Function. 39

5.3.2       Application Interaction. 40

5.3.3       Application Service. 41

5.4     Summary of Application Layer Components. 42

6        Technology Layer 44

6.1     Technology Layer Metamodel 44

6.2     Structural Concepts. 44

6.2.1       Node. 45

6.2.2       Device. 46

6.2.3       Infrastructure Interface. 46

6.2.4       Network. 47

6.2.5       Communication Path. 48

6.3     Behavioral Concepts. 48

6.3.1       Infrastructure Service. 49

6.3.2       System Software. 49

6.4     Informational Concepts. 50

6.4.1       Artifact 50

6.5     Summary of Technology Layer Concepts. 52

7        Cross-Layer Dependencies. 53

7.1     Business-Application Alignment 53

7.2     Application-Technology Alignment 54

8        Relationships. 55

8.1     Structural Relationships. 55

8.1.1       Composition Relationship. 55

8.1.2       Aggregation Relationship. 56

8.1.3       Assignment Relationship. 56

8.1.4       Realization Relationship. 57

8.1.5       Used By Relationship. 58

8.1.6       Access Relationship. 59

8.1.7       Association Relationship. 59

8.2     Dynamic Relationships. 60

8.2.1       Triggering Relationship. 60

8.2.2       Flow Relationship. 61

8.3     Other Relationships. 61

8.3.1       Grouping. 61

8.3.2       Junction. 62

8.3.3       Specialization Relationship. 63

8.4     Summary of Relationships. 63

8.5     Derived Relationships. 65

9        Architecture Viewpoints. 67

9.1     Introduction. 67

9.2     Views, Viewpoints, and Stakeholders. 68

9.3     Viewpoint Classification. 70

9.4     Basic Viewpoints in ArchiMate. 72

9.4.1       Introductory Viewpoint 72

9.4.2       Organization Viewpoint 74

9.4.3       Actor Co-operation Viewpoint 75

9.4.4       Business Function Viewpoint 77

9.4.5       Business Process Viewpoint 78

9.4.6       Business Process Co-operation Viewpoint 80

9.4.7       Product Viewpoint 81

9.4.8       Application Behavior Viewpoint 83

9.4.9       Application Co-operation Viewpoint 84

9.4.10     Application Structure Viewpoint 86

9.4.11     Application Usage Viewpoint 87

9.4.12     Infrastructure Viewpoint 88

9.4.13     Infrastructure Usage Viewpoint 90

9.4.14     Implementation and Deployment Viewpoint 91

9.4.15     Information Structure Viewpoint 92

9.4.16     Service Realization Viewpoint 94

9.4.17     Layered Viewpoint 95

9.4.18     Landscape Map Viewpoint 98

10      Language Extension Mechanisms. 100

10.1   Adding Attributes to ArchiMate Concepts and Relations. 100

10.2   Specialization of Concepts. 101

11      Future Directions. 103

11.1   Extending and Refining the Concepts. 103

11.1.1     Strategy, Goals, Principles, and Requirements. 103

11.1.2     Evolution and Realization. 104

11.1.3     Design Process. 104

11.1.4     Architecture-Level Predictions. 104

11.1.5     Other Improvements. 105

11.2   Linking to Other Modeling Languages and Frameworks. 105

11.3   How to Proceed. 105

A       Summary of Language Notation. 107

B       Overview of Relationships. 108

Downloads of the ArchiMate documentation, are available under license from the ArchiMate information web site. The license is free to any organization wishing to use ArchiMate entirely for internal purposes (for example, to develop an information system architecture for use within that organization). A book is also available (in hardcopy and pdf) from The Open Group Bookstore as document C091.