Referenced Documents

Normative References

Normative references for POSIX.1-2024 are defined in the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2024.

Informative References

The following documents are referenced in POSIX.1-2024:

1984 /usr/group Standard

/usr/group Standards Committee, Santa Clara, CA, UniForum 1984.

Almasi and Gottlieb

George S. Almasi and Allan Gottlieb, Highly Parallel Computing, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1989, ISBN: 0-8053-0177-1.

ANSI C

American National Standard for Information Systems: Standard X3.159-1989, Programming Language C.

ANSI X3.226-1994

American National Standard for Information Systems: Standard X3.226-1994, Programming Language Common LISP.

Brawer

Steven Brawer, Introduction to Parallel Programming, Academic Press, 1989, ISBN: 0-12-128470-0.

DeRemer and Pennello Article

DeRemer, Frank and Pennello, Thomas J., Efficient Computation of LALR(1) Look-Ahead Sets, SigPlan Notices, Volume 15, No. 8, August 1979.

Draft ANSI X3J11.1

IEEE Floating Point draft report of ANSI X3J11.1 (NCEG).

FIPS 151-1

Federal Information Procurement Standard (FIPS) 151-1. Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)-Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language].

FIPS 151-2

Federal Information Procurement Standards (FIPS) 151-2, Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)- Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language].

HP-UX Manual

Hewlett-Packard HP-UX Release 9.0 Reference Manual, Third Edition, August 1992.

IEC 60559:1989

IEC 60559:1989, Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic for Microprocessor Systems (previously designated IEC 559:1989).

IEEE Standards Terms

IEEE 100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition.

IEEE Std 754^TM-1985

IEEE Std 754-1985 (Reaff 1990), IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.

IEEE Std 854^TM-1987

IEEE Std 854-1987, IEEE Standard for Radix-Independent Floating-Point Arithmetic.

IEEE Std 1003.9^TM-1992

IEEE Std 1003.9-1992, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - POSIX FORTRAN 77 Language Interfaces - Part 1: Binding for System Application Program Interface API.

IETF RFC 791

Internet Protocol, Version 4 (IPv4), September 1981 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0791.txt).

IETF RFC 819

The Domain Naming Convention for Internet User Applications, Z. Su, J. Postel, August 1982 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0819.txt).

IETF RFC 822

Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages, D.H. Crocker, August 1982 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0822.txt).

IETF RFC 919

Broadcasting Internet Datagrams, J. Mogul, October 1984 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0919.txt).

IETF RFC 920

Domain Requirements, J. Postel, J. Reynolds, October 1984 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0920.txt).

IETF RFC 921

Domain Name System Implementation Schedule, J. Postel, October 1984 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0921.txt).

IETF RFC 922

Broadcasting Internet Datagrams in the Presence of Subnets, J. Mogul, October 1984 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0922.txt).

IETF RFC 1034

Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities, P. Mockapetris, November 1987 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt).

IETF RFC 1035

Domain Names - Implementation and Specification, P. Mockapetris, November 1987 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1035.txt).

IETF RFC 1123

Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and Support, R. Braden, October 1989 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt).

IETF RFC 1886

DNS Extensions to Support Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6), C. Huitema, S. Thomson, December 1995 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1886.txt).

IETF RFC 2045

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), Part 1: Format of Internet Message Bodies, N. Freed, N. Borenstein, November 1996 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt).

IETF RFC 2181

Clarifications to the DNS Specification, R. Elz, R. Bush, July 1997 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2181.txt).

IETF RFC 2373

Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Addressing Architecture, S. Deering, R. Hinden, July 1998 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt).

IETF RFC 2460

Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6), S. Deering, R. Hinden, December 1998 (available at: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2460.txt).

Internationalisation Guide

Guide, July 1993, Internationalisation Guide, Version 2 (ISBN: 1-859120-02-4, G304), published by The Open Group.

ISO 2375:1985

ISO 2375:1985, Data Processing - Procedure for Registration of Escape Sequences.

ISO 8652:1987

ISO 8652:1987, Programming Languages - Ada (technically identical to ANSI standard 1815A-1983).

ISO/IEC 1539:1991

ISO/IEC 1539:1991, Information Technology - Programming Languages - Fortran (technically identical to the ANSI X3.9-1978 standard [FORTRAN 77]).

ISO/IEC 4873:1991

ISO/IEC 4873:1991, Information Technology - ISO 8-bit Code for Information Interchange - Structure and Rules for Implementation.

ISO/IEC 6429:1992

ISO/IEC 6429:1992, Information Technology - Control Functions for Coded Character Sets.

ISO/IEC 6937:1994

ISO/IEC 6937:1994, Information Technology - Coded Graphic Character Set for Text Communication - Latin Alphabet.

ISO/IEC 8802-3:1996

ISO/IEC 8802-3:1996, Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific Requirements - Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications.

ISO/IEC 8859

ISO/IEC 8859, Information Technology - 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets:

Part 1: Latin Alphabet No. 1
Part 2: Latin Alphabet No. 2
Part 3: Latin Alphabet No. 3
Part 4: Latin Alphabet No. 4
Part 5: Latin/Cyrillic Alphabet
Part 6: Latin/Arabic Alphabet
Part 7: Latin/Greek Alphabet
Part 8: Latin/Hebrew Alphabet
Part 9: Latin Alphabet No. 5
Part 10: Latin Alphabet No. 6
Part 11: Latin/Thai Alphabet
Part 13: Latin Alphabet No. 7
Part 14: Latin Alphabet No. 8 (Celtic)
Part 15: Latin Alphabet No. 9
Part 16: Latin Alphabet No. 10

ISO/IEC 9899:1990

ISO/IEC 9899:1990, Programming Languages - C, including Amendment 1:1995 (E), C Integrity (Multibyte Support Extensions (MSE) for ISO C).

ISO POSIX-1:1996

ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996, Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language] (identical to ANSI/IEEE Std 1003.1-1996). Incorporating ANSI/IEEE Stds 1003.1-1990, 1003.1b-1993, 1003.1c-1995, and 1003.1i-1995.

ISO POSIX-2:1993

ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993, Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 2: Shell and Utilities (identical to ANSI/IEEE Std 1003.2^TM-1992, as amended by ANSI/IEEE Std 1003.2a^TM-1992).

Issue 1

X/Open Portability Guide, July 1985 (ISBN: 0-444-87839-4).

Issue 2

X/Open Portability Guide, January 1987:

• Volume 1: XVS Commands and Utilities (ISBN: 0-444-70174-5)

• Volume 2: XVS System Calls and Libraries (ISBN: 0-444-70175-3)

Issue 3

X/Open Specification, 1988, 1989, February 1992:

• Commands and Utilities, Issue 3 (ISBN: 1-872630-36-7, C211); this specification was formerly X/Open Portability Guide, Issue 3, Volume 1, January 1989, XSI Commands and Utilities (ISBN: 0-13-685835-X, XO/XPG/89/002)

• System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 3 (ISBN: 1-872630-37-5, C212); this specification was formerly X/Open Portability Guide, Issue 3, Volume 2, January 1989, XSI System Interface and Headers (ISBN: 0-13-685843-0, XO/XPG/89/003)

• Curses Interface, Issue 3, contained in Supplementary Definitions, Issue 3 (ISBN: 1-872630-38-3, C213), Chapters 9 to 14 inclusive; this specification was formerly X/Open Portability Guide, Issue 3, Volume 3, January 1989, XSI Supplementary Definitions (ISBN: 0-13-685850-3, XO/XPG/89/004)

• Headers Interface, Issue 3, contained in Supplementary Definitions, Issue 3 (ISBN: 1-872630-38-3, C213), Chapter 19, Cpio and Tar Headers; this specification was formerly X/Open Portability Guide Issue 3, Volume 3, January 1989, XSI Supplementary Definitions (ISBN: 0-13-685850-3, XO/XPG/89/004)

Issue 4

CAE Specification, July 1992, published by The Open Group:

• System Interface Definitions (XBD), Issue 4 (ISBN: 1-872630-46-4, C204)

• Commands and Utilities (XCU), Issue 4 (ISBN: 1-872630-48-0, C203)

• System Interfaces and Headers (XSH), Issue 4 (ISBN: 1-872630-47-2, C202)

Issue 4, Version 2

CAE Specification, August 1994, published by The Open Group:

• System Interface Definitions (XBD), Issue 4, Version 2 (ISBN: 1-85912-036-9, C434)

• Commands and Utilities (XCU), Issue 4, Version 2 (ISBN: 1-85912-034-2, C436)

• System Interfaces and Headers (XSH), Issue 4, Version 2 (ISBN: 1-85912-037-7, C435)

Issue 5

Technical Standard, February 1997, published by The Open Group:

• System Interface Definitions (XBD), Issue 5 (ISBN: 1-85912-186-1, C605)

• Commands and Utilities (XCU), Issue 5 (ISBN: 1-85912-191-8, C604)

• System Interfaces and Headers (XSH), Issue 5 (ISBN: 1-85912-181-0, C606)

Issue 6

Technical Standard, April 2004, published by The Open Group:

• Base Definitions (XBD), Issue 6 (ISBN: 1-931624-43-7, C046)

• System Interfaces (XSH), Issue 6 (ISBN: 1-931624-44-5, C047)

• Shell and Utilities (XCU), Issue 6 (ISBN: 1-931624-45-3, C048)

Knuth Article

Knuth, Donald E., On the Translation of Languages from Left to Right, Information and Control, Volume 8, No. 6, October 1965.

KornShell

Bolsky, Morris I. and Korn, David G., The New KornShell Command and Programming Language, March 1995, Prentice Hall.

MSE Working Draft

Working draft of ISO/IEC 9899:1990/Add3:Draft, Addendum 3 - Multibyte Support Extensions (MSE) as documented in the ISO Working Paper SC22/WG14/N205 dated 31 March 1992.

POSIX.0:1995

IEEE Std 1003.0^TM-1995, IEEE Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE) (identical to ISO/IEC TR 14252).

POSIX.1:1988

IEEE Std 1003.1^TM-1988, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language].

POSIX.1:1990

IEEE Std 1003.1^TM-1990, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language].

POSIX.1a

P1003.1a, Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) - (C Language) Amendment.

POSIX.1d:1999

IEEE Std 1003.1d^TM-1999, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) - Amendment 4: Additional Realtime Extensions [C Language].

POSIX.1g:2000

IEEE Std 1003.1g^TM-2000, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) - Amendment 6: Protocol-Independent Interfaces (PII).

POSIX.1j:2000

IEEE Std 1003.1j^TM-2000, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) - Amendment 5: Advanced Realtime Extensions [C Language].

POSIX.1q:2000

IEEE Std 1003.1q^TM-2000, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) - Amendment 7: Tracing [C Language].

POSIX.2b

P1003.2b, Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 2: Shell and Utilities - Amendment.

POSIX.2d:1994

IEEE Std 1003.2d^TM-1994, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 2: Shell and Utilities - Amendment 1: Batch Environment.

POSIX.13:1998

IEEE Std 1003.13^TM-1998, IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Standardized Application Environment Profile (AEP) - POSIX Realtime Application Support.

Sarwate Article

Sarwate, Dilip V., Computation of Cyclic Redundancy Checks via Table Lookup, Communications of the ACM, Volume 30, No. 8, August 1988.

Sprunt, Sha, and Lehoczky

Sprunt, B., Sha, L., and Lehoczky, J.P., Aperiodic Task Scheduling for Hard Real-Time Systems, The Journal of Real-Time Systems, Volume 1, 1989, Pages 27-60.

SVID, Issue 1

American Telephone and Telegraph Company, System V Interface Definition (SVID), Issue 1; Morristown, NJ, UNIX Press, 1985.

SVID, Issue 2

American Telephone and Telegraph Company, System V Interface Definition (SVID), Issue 2; Morristown, NJ, UNIX Press, 1986.

SVID, Issue 3

American Telephone and Telegraph Company, System V Interface Definition (SVID), Issue 3; Morristown, NJ, UNIX Press, 1989.

The AWK Programming Language

Aho, Alfred V., Kernighan, Brian W., and Weinberger, Peter J., The AWK Programming Language, Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley 1988.

UNIX Programmer's Manual

American Telephone and Telegraph Company, UNIX Time-Sharing System: UNIX Programmer's Manual, 7th Edition, Murray Hill, NJ, Bell Telephone Laboratories, January 1979.

XNS, Issue 4

CAE Specification, August 1994, Networking Services, Issue 4 (ISBN: 1-85912-049-0, C438), published by The Open Group.

XNS, Issue 5

CAE Specification, February 1997, Networking Services, Issue 5 (ISBN: 1-85912-165-9, C523), published by The Open Group.

XNS, Issue 5.2

Technical Standard, January 2000, Networking Services (XNS), Issue 5.2 (ISBN: 1-85912-241-8, C808), published by The Open Group.

X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2

CAE Specification, May 1996, X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2 (ISBN: 1-85912-171-3, C610), published by The Open Group.

Yacc

Yacc: Yet Another Compiler Compiler, Stephen C. Johnson, 1978.

Source Documents

Parts of the following documents were used to create the base documents for POSIX.1-2024:

AIX 3.2 Manual

AIX Version 3.2 For RISC System/6000, Technical Reference: Base Operating System and Extensions, 1990, 1992 (Part No. SC23-2382-00).

OSF/1

OSF/1 Programmer's Reference, Release 1.2 (ISBN: 0-13-020579-6).

OSF AES

Application Environment Specification (AES) Operating System Programming Interfaces Volume, Revision A (ISBN: 0-13-043522-8).

System V Release 2.0

• UNIX System V Release 2.0 Programmer's Reference Manual (April 1984 - Issue 2).

• UNIX System V Release 2.0 Programming Guide (April 1984 - Issue 2).

System V Release 4.2

Operating System API Reference, UNIX® SVR4.2 (1992) (ISBN: 0-13-017658-3).