Appendix E: Changes from Version 2.1 to Version 3.2

E.1. Changes from Version 2.1 to Version 3.0.1

The main changes between Version 2.1 and Version 3.0.1 of the ArchiMate Specification are listed below. Note that this is not an exhaustive list; various smaller improvements have been made throughout the text of the document.

  • Changed various definitions to increase alignment with the TOGAF framework

  • Added an upper-level generic metamodel to explain the full structure of the language

  • Restructured the set of relationships into structural, dynamic, dependency, and other relationships

  • Allowed relationships to other relationships in some cases; e.g., to associate objects with flows or aggregate relationships within plateaus

  • Improved the derivation of relationships

  • Relaxed the constraints on relationships between layers in the ArchiMate core language

  • Improved the grouping and junction concepts

  • Renamed the “used by” relationship to “serving”, in line with the other active names of relationships

  • Changed the notation of the influence relationship for consistency with the other dependency relationships (access and serving)

  • Introduced a directional notation for the assignment relationship by replacing the black circle at the “to” end by an arrow

  • Added an optional notation to denote the layer of an element

    A letter M, S, B, A, T, P, or I in the top-left corner of an element can be used to denote a Motivation, Strategy, Business, Application, Technology, Physical, or Implementation & Migration element, respectively.

  • Changed the notation of the representation and contract elements, to distinguish these from deliverable and business object, respectively

  • Added events (with a time attribute) at all layers in the ArchiMate core language as well as to the implementation and migration elements

  • Renamed the Motivation Extension to motivation elements and introduced a new outcome element

  • Moved the value and meaning concepts from the Business Layer of the ArchiMate core language to the motivation elements

  • Introduced new strategy elements for modeling the enterprise at a strategic level, notably capability, resource, and course of action

  • Moved the location element to the generic metamodel

  • Abolished the “required interface” notation

  • Renamed the elements in the Technology Layer from infrastructure x to technology x

  • Added application process, technology process, technology interaction, and technology collaboration, to increase the regularity of the layers

  • Extended the Technology Layer with elements for modeling the physical world: facility, equipment, material, and distribution network

  • Renamed the “communication path” element to “path” and extended its meaning, to integrate with the physical elements

  • Improved the description of viewpoints and the viewpoints mechanism, removed the introductory viewpoint, and moved the basic viewpoints listed in the standard to an informative appendix to indicate they are intended as examples, not as a normative or exhaustive list

  • Replaced the examples throughout the document

  • Described the relationships of the ArchiMate standard with several other standards

  • Created new tables of relationships based on the changes in the metamodel and derivation properties

ArchiMate 2.1 models are still mostly valid in ArchiMate 3.0.1. Two transformations may be applied to ensure conformance to the new version of the standard:

  • Rename “used by” relationships to “serving”

  • If a relationship between two elements in a model is no longer permitted (according to Appendix B), replace it by an association

    If it concerns an assignment of an application component to a business process or function, this may be replaced by a realization relationship from the application component to the business process or function. If it concerns an assignment of a location to another element, this may be replaced by an aggregation. In some cases, the modeler may want to replace the location by a facility.

E.2. Changes from Version 3.0.1 to Version 3.1

The main changes between Version 3.0.1 and Version 3.1 of the ArchiMate Specification are listed below. In addition to these changes, various other minor improvements in definitions and other wording have been made.

  • Introduced a new strategy element: value stream

  • Added an optional directed notation for the association relationship

  • Improved the organization of the metamodel and associated figures

  • Further improved and formalized the derivation of relationships

The formalization of the derivation rules as mentioned above has had a minor impact on the metamodel structure, since some relationships can now be derived that formerly had to be specified explicitly in the metamodel. It has also led to the removal of a small number of spurious relationships. To transform an ArchiMate 3.0.1 model to ArchiMate 3.1, any such relationship may be replaced by a directed association.

E.3. Changes from Version 3.1 to Version 3.2

The main changes between Version 3.1 and Version 3.2 of the ArchiMate Specification are listed below. In addition to these changes, various other minor improvements in definitions, explanations, and examples have been made.

  • Improved the definitions of several concepts, most notably outcome, constraint, business function, and product

  • Made the Physical elements part of the Technology Layer chapter instead of a separate chapter

  • Changed the Technology Layer metamodel, making device, system software, facility, and equipment no longer subtypes of node but of technology internal active structure element, and adding composition and aggregation relationships with node.

  • Added composition and aggregation relationships from plateau to outcome

  • Added realization from material to equipment

  • Improved the restrictions on derivation rules described in Section B.3.5

  • Added a derivation rule for grouping

  • Changed the icon notation of the meaning and communication network elements, added an icon notation for work package, and added new box notations for meaning, value, business object, contract, representation, work package, and deliverable

  • Changed the default color of the plateau and gap elements to the same pink as the other Implementation and Migration elements

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